28 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



lying the practices of fruit growers from 

 Prince Edward Island to Vancouver. 

 The details, however, may vary to a 

 remarkable degree. In British Colum- 

 bia clean culture is practised in the dry 

 portions, but in the coast orchards it is 

 not considered so essential. In south- 

 western Ontario clean culture gives the 

 best results, but in the north and east 

 not infrequently sod orchards properly 



managed succeed best. Hut the under- 

 lying principle is the same in sod or 

 clean culture, viz. : regulate the moisture 

 and plant food to the needs of the tree 

 according to the supply from the soil 

 from irrigation or from rainfall. Indeed 

 the proper investigation of the practices 

 in the semi-arid regions of some of the 

 British Columbia valleys would enable 

 orchardists in the humid climate of 



Nova Scotia, with numerous running 

 streams, to meet these conditions more 

 intelligently. 



By co-operating the fruit growers of our 

 different provinces will be enabled to play 

 a most important part in the wonderful 

 process of nation-building, and will 

 prove themselves to be true to all 

 good words and works and to the heart 

 Canadian. 



Best Varieties of Fruits for Ontario 



A STATEMENT showing the varieties 

 of fruit suitable for planting in 

 the different sections of Ontario was 

 prepared at a meeting of the Board of 

 Control for the Ontario Experiment 

 Stations,held Januarys and 9, and is here 

 pubUshed in part. The selections have 

 been made only after careful tests at the 

 different stations. Lists have been 

 made showing the commercial varieties 

 or those most desirable for market pur- 

 poses, and the domestic varieties or 

 those of special value for home use, for 

 cooking or for dessert. In almost every 

 case the varieties are mentioned in the 

 order of ripening. Many varieties not 

 included in this list do well under special 

 conditions, but they are not as desirable 

 as those mentioned. 



This action of the Board of Control 

 was taken owing to the recognized dis- 

 advantages facing inexperienced persons 

 who desire to engage in fruit growing for 

 profit because of the large and confusing 

 lists that they have had to select from. 

 A bulletin containing this information 

 in detail and dealing fully with the con- 

 ditions in different sections of the Prov- 

 ince will be published shortly by the 

 Board. 



In apples the following were selected 

 as being the best for Ontario. In sum- 

 mer varieties, Astrachans are considered 

 suitable for all except the northern sec- 

 tions, and Duchess is recommended for 

 all parts of Ontario. Among fall apples 

 Gravenstein does well in every district 

 excepting along the St. Lawrence River 

 and some northern sections. Wealthy 

 and Alexander are specially adapted to 

 northern parts, Mcintosh and Fameuse 

 of special value in the St. Lawrence 

 River district, and Blenheim is suitable 

 for the best apple sections of Ontario. 

 These varieties are highly recommended. 

 Winter varieties were recommended as 

 follows: — King, adapted to the best 

 apple sections and most successful when 

 top-grafted on hardy stocks ; Hubbard- 

 ston and Greening adapted to the best 

 apple sections; Baldwin not suited to . 

 clay land; Northern Spy satisfactory in 

 the best apple sections and suited for the 

 northern districts if grafted on hardy 

 Stock ; Ontario, a short-lived tree, but an 

 abundant bearer to be used as a filler 

 among long-lived trees, and Stark. 



The varieties specially suited for do- 



mestic uses are as follows : — Transparent, 

 Primate, Sweet Bough, Duchess, Chen- 

 ango, Gravenstein, Wealthy, Mcintosh 

 Red, Fameuse, Blenheim, King, Wagen- 

 er, Swaizie Pomme Grise, Greening, 

 Tolman, Northern Spy, and Mann. 

 Hardy varieties adapted for sections 

 above North latitude 46 degrees, are 

 given as follows: — Yellow Transparent, 

 Charlamoff, Duchess, Wealthy, Hibernal, 

 Longfield, Patten, Whitney, Hyslop and 

 Scott's Winter. In crab apples, Whit- 

 ney, Martha, Transcendent, and Hyslop 

 are mentioned as being suitable for any 

 part of the Province. The first men- 

 tioned is a large crab of high quality, 

 suitable for dessert or cooking, and speci- 

 ally adapted to northern sections. 



The experimenters at the various sta- 

 tions submitted lists of those varieties 

 that are best suited for their respective 

 districts. Mr. Linus Woolverton, of 

 Grimsby, recommended the following 

 for the Niagara district: Astrachans, 

 Duchess, Alexander, Gravenstein, Blen- 

 heim, King, Greening, Baldwin, and 

 Spy; and for domestic use. Harvest, 

 Sweet Bough, Duchess, Chenango, 

 Gravenstein, Shiawasee, Fall Pippin, 

 Fameuse, King, Louise, and Spy. 



For the Bay of Quinte section, Mr. 

 W. H. Dempsey, of Trenton, recom- 

 mended the following for commercial 

 use: Duchess, Gravenstein, Trenton, 

 Alexander, Wealthy, Fameuse, King, 

 Mcintosh, Greening, Baldwin, Ontario, 

 Seek No Further, Spy, Tolman, Ben 

 Davis and Stark; while for domestic 

 purposes, Benoni, Primate, Gravenstein, 

 Fameuse, Mcintosh, Greening, Ontario, 

 Spy, Tolman, Grime's Golden and 

 Swaizie were said to be the best. 



Varieties for the Burlington district, 

 named by Mr. A. W. Peart, were, for 

 commercial purposes : Astrachan, Sweet 

 Bough, Gravenstein, Wagener, Seek No 

 Further and Golden Russet. 



From the Lake Huron district Mr. A. 

 E. Sherrington, of Walkerton, recom- 

 mended for commercial purposes: As- 

 trachan, Duchess, Wealthy, Fameuse, 

 Mcintosh, Blenheim, Greening, Baldwin, 

 Spy, Golden Russet, and Ben Davis; 

 while for domestic use Transparent, 

 Astrachan, Duchess, Mcintosh, Grime's 

 Golden, Blenheim, King, Spy, and 

 Golden Russet are the best. 

 ^ For the St. Lawrence district Mr. 



Harold Jones, of Maitland, recommended 

 for commercial use : Duchess, Alexander, 

 Wolfe River, Pearmain, Scarlet Pippin, 

 Fameuse, Mcintosh, Milwaukee and 

 Golden Russet. The best domestic 

 varieties are Transparent, Brockville 

 Beauty, Scarlet Pippin, Fameuse, Mc- 

 intosh, Blue Pearmain, Yellow Bell- 

 flower and Golden Russet. 



The general list of the desirable var- 

 ieties of pears for commercial use is as 

 follows: Gifford, Clapp's Favorite, Bart- 

 lett, Boussock, Flemish Beauty, Howell, 

 Louise, Duchess, Bosc, Clairgeau, Anjou, 

 and Kieffer ; and for domestic use : Sum- 

 mer Doyenne, Gifford, Bartlett, Flemish 

 Beauty, Sheldon, Seckel, Bosc, Anjou, 

 Laurence, Josephine and Winter Nelis. 



Hardy varieties of plums of the differ- 

 ent classes were selected as follows: 

 European — Bradshaw, Imperial Gage, 

 Gueii, Shipper's Pride, Lombard (liable 

 to overbear, requires thinning), Quacken- 

 boss. Yellow Egg, Grand Duke, Coe's 

 Golden Drop and Reine Claude (one of 

 the best for canning) ; Japanese — Red 

 June, Abundance, Burbank, Chabot, 

 and Satsuma (red-fleshed variety suit- 

 able for canning) ; American — Extreme- 

 ly hardy and desirable where European 

 and Japanese do not thrive, Aitkin, 

 Cheney, Bixby, Mankato, Wolf, Hawk- 

 eye and Stoddard. 



The general list of cherries suitable for 

 the different sections of Ontario is as 

 follows: Orel 25, Orel 24, Early Rich- 

 mond, Montmorency and Russian 207. 



The following varieties of peaches were 

 submitted for the peach districts: 

 Sneed, Alexander, Hynes, St. John, 

 Mountain Rose, Early Crawford, Cham- 

 pion, Brigdon, Fitzgerald, Reeves, El-' 

 berta, Oldmixon, Stevens, and Smock. 

 The best varieties for domestic purposes 

 were given as follows : Hynes, St. John, 

 Earlv Crawford, Oldmixon, Longhurst, 

 and Stevens. 



The following grapes of the different 

 colors were recommended for the com- 

 mercial districts: Black — Moore, Camp- 

 bell, Worden, Concord, Wilder; Red- 

 Delaware, Lindley, Agawam, Vergennes; 

 White — Niagara and Diamond. For the 

 northern sections the varieties recom- 

 mended were as follows : Black — Cham- 

 pion, Campbell, Worden, and Wilder ; Red 

 — Moyer, Brighton, Delaware, and Lind- 

 ley;] White — Winchell, 'andj Diamond. 



