THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



55 



appear. I'or San Jose scale, whale oil 

 soap two pounds in one gallon of hot 

 water, or crude petroleum 25 per cent. 

 is recommended in early sprint before 

 the buds open. 



Enemies of the plum and cherry 



require much the same 

 treatment to those of 

 the peach. Leaf -eating in- 

 sects, Curculio, Brown Rot, 

 Shot Hole I'ungus, etc., 

 should be subjected to three 

 applications of Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green — 

 the first when the last buds 

 are opening, the second 

 when the fruit is formed and 

 the third two weeks later — 

 and one spraying with am- 

 monia copper carbonate 

 when the fruit is large. 

 Plant lice and scale insects 

 require treatment similar to 

 that given in the peach 

 orchard. 



For the vineyard, four 

 sprayings with Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green are 

 advised as follows : One as 

 the buds begin to swell, 10 

 days or two weeks later, 

 before the blossoms open, 

 just after blossoming, and 

 two weeks later. To pre- 

 vent later developments of Black Rot 

 and Mildew, Professor Lochhead recom- 

 mends spraying with ammonia copper 

 carbonate after the fruit is well formed. 

 Thrips and leaf hoppers are destroyed 

 with kerosene emulsion, one part in 



nine of water, soon after the leaves 

 are formed. 



Treatment for the raspberry patch 

 is given as follows: To destroy Anthrac- 

 nose, Leaf-blight and Saw Fly larva-, Bor- 

 deaux mixture and Paris green before 

 growth begins, and again when the first 

 blossoms open, and Bordeaux mixture 

 when the fruit has been harvested. On 

 currants and gooseberries Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green before the buds 

 expand, and again 10 or 15 days later 

 is the best for worms and mildew. The 

 worms can be killed by Paris green alone 

 or by hellebore. Plant lice on these 

 bushes can be effectively treated with 

 kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap, or by 

 dusting with fine wood ashes. Strawberry 

 Rust or Leaf-blight can be controlled 

 by applying Bordeaux mixture at inter- 

 vals of two or three weeks when it can be 

 applied without disfiguring the fruit. 



It must be considered, however, that 

 these are not hard and fast rules for ap- 

 plying these mixtures. If the weather 

 is favorable fewer applications may 

 suffice, but on the other hand if a rain 

 should come almost immediately after 

 spraying the effects would be nullified. 

 The successful sprayer regulates his work 

 by conditions as they exist. Thorough- 

 ness is the prime requisite. If the proper 

 mixtures are applied intelHgently the 

 results will be satisfactory. 



j\ Groover's Experience \vitK a PoAver Sprayer* 



W. M. BlacK, AVolfviUe, N.S. 



i 



AMON'Cf the many important points 

 to be considered in the selection 

 a power sprayer are, cost, ease of 

 eration, economy, draft, accessibility 

 valves and other working parts, large 

 earings. stuffing boxes and other mat- 

 ters of minor imi)ortance. After giv- 

 ing these various points due consider- 

 ation, and corresponding with many 

 makers of spraying outfits, I finally de- 

 cided to purchase a certain machine. 

 The style secured is known as the 

 "Triplex Power Sprayer," and con- 

 sists of a three-plunger pump, capable 

 i maintaining a pressure of 200 pounds, 

 'th, however, a pass valve that allows 

 e pressure to be adjusted as desired. 

 The pump is supplied with jjressure 

 gauge and outlets for four lines of hose. 

 The working parts are of brass or of 

 composition metal, and the stuffing 

 boxes so arranged as to be easily and 

 quickly packed. It is operated by a 

 one and a half horse-power "Fair- 

 banks" four cycle gasoline motor, the 

 speed of which can be regulated bv a 

 governor as desired. When adjusted 

 for 50 revolutions a minute it con- 

 sumes one pint of gasoline per hour. 



In operating this outfit I used two 

 lines of hose with silx vermorel nozzles 



*Paper read at the Annual Convention of the 

 N'ova vScotia Fruit Growers' As.sociation in 1905. 



sib 



i 



on each line. Another line of hose was 

 run from the pump to the bottotn of 

 the cask and fitted with a two outlet 

 Bordeaux nozzle adjusted for a coarse 

 spray. This was for use as an agitator 

 and worked in a most satisfactory 

 manner, keeping the solution in active 

 motion at all times. When first oper- 

 ated I used one of the common half- 

 round tanks with agitator worked by 

 hand, but found bv experience that the 

 agitation was not satisfactory, so I re- 

 moved the paddles and placed the hose 

 in as above stated. Although this im- 

 ])roved matters somewhat, it was still 

 unsatisfactory, and I finally replaced 

 the half-round tank with a puncheon 

 and found no further trouble. 



The form of wagon on which to mount 

 the outfit was the next consideration. 

 After consultation with some of the 

 largest fruit growers in my vicinity, I 

 decided on what is known as a low down 

 " I''armef's Handy Wagon ," narrow gauge, 

 six inch tires on solid wood wheels, 

 with front wheels turning under the body, 

 thus enabling the outfit to be worked 

 in closely set orchards without damage 

 to trees or land. As the orchards I 

 had contracted to sjirav were mostly 

 in full bearing and low headed, this sel- 

 ection proved a wise one, as even with 

 this low down wagon manj^ limbs were 

 scraped and the fruit spurs destroyed. 



During the season of 1905, 14 or- 

 chards were sprayed and 12,600 gal- 

 lons of solution passed through the 

 pump. No trouble was ionnd with 

 clogging of the nozzles as a general 

 thing, but owing to the strong suction 

 the strainer at the bottom of the suc- 

 tion pipe became clogged ; later this was 

 obviated by using extreme care iri 

 straining the solution into the tank. 



I cannot give the exact weight of 

 the outfit when loaded for operation, 

 but it was found that a team of horses. 



^ 



A Government Power Sprayer 



This illustration and tlit* one above shows how the 

 gasoline engine was loaded with the tank and the stand 

 for the man spraying on one of the sprayers operated last 

 year by the ()niario DeparlnuMit f>f vVgricnlture. 



