56 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



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t He nozzles with new ones, 

 LS the chemical action, to- 

 ijether with the high pres- 

 sure at which the pump was 

 run, 125 pounds, soon en- 

 larged the holes so that the 

 spray was not as fine as it 

 siiould be for good work. 

 It was necessary, also, to 

 replace the length of hose 

 three times during the sea- 

 son, the regular half -inch, 

 four-ply spraying hose of 

 the best quality being used. 

 The continuous high pres- 

 sure, together with the 

 dragging of the hose over 

 the ground, served to shor- 

 ten its term of usefulness. 

 For the season of 1906 I 

 propose using what is known 

 as "Pneumatic," a hose 

 used in mines and other 

 such places. It is one- 

 Spraying a Spy Orchard. quarter inch, four-ply can- 



One of the government sprayers, at work in the orchard, at Trenton Ont., VaS COVercd with Capped 

 of Messrs. L. & A. Little, is here shown. This orchard contains over 700 Spy ends, whlch Will Stand hard 

 trees, all of which were sprayed three times with most satisfactory results. 



usage 



mijtAr. 



weighing about 1,050 pounds each, 

 could handle an outfit on hilly, culti- 

 vated ground as easily as could be ex- 

 pected with an outfit of this capacity. 



It was necessary at frequent inter- 

 vals to replace the small washers in 



It is also my intention to place a 

 small platform over the highest part 

 of my outfit and to spray the tops of 

 the trees from that; then with two 

 lines of hose on the ground to take care 

 of the lower parts, the trees can be well 



covered. With the proposed platform 

 no higher than the present outfit, and 

 with removable nails, the trees would 

 suffer no more damage than in the past. 

 Four nozzles instead of six on each 

 line of hose would be an advantage, as 

 better work could be done with less 

 waste of material. In practice we find 

 that we can easily spray out one tank of 

 the solution, or 80 gallons, in 20 minutes. 

 The daily capacity possible with the 

 outfit may be estimated from the fact 

 that in spraying one orchard with two 

 lines of hose, 1,040 gallons were ap- 

 plied in eight working hours. When it 

 is considered that at times the outfit 

 was at the extreme outskirts of the 

 orchard and had a long distance to 

 travel from the base of supplies, it is 

 unnecessary to say that it was much 

 more economical, so far as labor was 

 concerned, than the usual hand work, 

 to say nothing of the maintained pres- 

 sure of 125 pounds which of necessity 

 made possible a better application of 

 the solution. 



In spraying my orchard I can apply 

 in half a day more solution than I form- 

 erly could in two days, and thus leave 

 mv men and horses at liberty to perform 

 other necessary work at that busy season. 



The outfit more than paid for itself 

 last year in the saving of labor alone in 

 the orchards in which it was operated. 



Spraying Experiences for 1903 



JosepH T-weddle, Fruitland, Ont. 



I HAVE found the application of lime 

 and sulphur to red currants and goose- 

 berries once before the buds open, 

 followed by one application of Bordeaux 

 mixture after the bloom, gives wonder- 

 ful results in the growth of wood and 

 healthy foliage. Currants hold their 

 foliage much longer than usual. Eng- 

 lish gooseberries that had been almost 

 destroyed in previous years, were en- 

 tirely free from mildew on both foliage 

 and fruit. Not only was the crop clean 

 but also the bushes themselves. I 

 attribute the results obtained largely 

 to the application of lime and sulphur. 

 Another lesson learned was the dan- 

 ger in the use of what is known as 

 Soda-Bordeaux used on fruit trees in 

 conjunction with arsenic, either in the 

 form of Paris green, white arsenic or 

 arsenate of lead. The sal-soda of the 

 Bordeaux and the arsenic form a chem- 

 ical compound very injurious to foliage 

 I shall use the standard lime and Bor- 

 deaux in the future, especially when 

 mixed with arsenic as an insecticide. 

 In treating Pear Psylla, the lime and 



*A number of growers who have been using 

 wheel-geared horse- power sprayers have reported 

 to The Horticulturist that they have never 

 had trouble on this score. Mr. W. H. Dempsey, 

 of Trenton, states that his team of Ught horses 

 have Uttle difficulty operating his machine under 

 almost any conditions. 



sulphur, where thoroughly applied in 

 .'\pril, destroyed all the eggs, but where 

 small portions of the tree were missed 

 enough were left to reinfest the trees, 

 as badly as ever before the season was 

 over. Nothing but perfect work in 

 spraying will accomplish its extinction. 

 A Psylla will kill a pear tree just as 

 quickly as will the San Jose Scale, but it 

 can be eradicated by thorough spraying 

 with lime and sulphur mixture. I 

 would respectfully warn pear growers 

 of this serious pest. It is much more 

 prevalent than may be suspected by 

 most growers, but it is too small for easy 

 detection by the naked eye. To the 

 irutiated observer, however, its presence 

 is readily detected in the orchard by the 

 busy hum and buzz of numerous wasps 

 and flies, seeking the honey-dew which 

 is exuded by the larvae, and which is 

 easily observed on the surface of the 

 foliage. 



With the general use of powxr spray- 

 ers the advantages and disadvantages 

 in the use of the different machines have 

 been watched with interest. With fine 

 weather and the soil in firm condition 

 for using the wheel-geared horse-power 

 sprayer, a great amount of excellent 

 work can be done at a minimum cost 

 for power, as the team drawing the 

 sprayer furnishes the power. , One dis- 

 advantage of. this machine shows up in 



wet weather, the horse-power sprayers 

 where the soil is heavy sometimes being 

 laid up for a week at a time from the 

 soft condition of the ground, while the 

 conditions of moisture were propagating 

 fungous trouble most rapidly, thus pre- 

 venting the application of the spray 

 when most needed.*' 



The gas sprayer which is a new com- 

 petitor in the field, using carbonic acid 

 gas for power, relieves the team of the 

 heavv draft, in the case of the wheel- 



A Well Tried-Machine 



One of the spraying outfits used by the Department 

 of Agriculture last year in Ontario was a Niagara Gas 

 Sprayer. It gave excellent satisfaction. This shows it 

 when it was being dismantled at the close of the season, 

 last fall. 



