THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



101 



inpli»4ing 59 of jam and 15 of jelly. Glucose 

 was found in 49 samples of jam and 6 of jelly; 

 preservatives in 22 of jam and 5 of jelly, and 

 (lyes in 34 of jam and 4 of jelly. In 1905, out 

 of 55 samples tested, 12 were genuine, 43 

 contained glucose, 11 preservatives, and 18 

 (lyes. 



Mr. McGill claimed that adulterants are not 

 lieing used as extensively as formerly and 

 pointed out that whereas glucose was used 

 in 74 per cent, of the samples tested in 1904, 

 ihey were used in only 66 per cent, in 1905. 

 In 1904 the percentage of preservatives used 

 was 36, and in 1905 only 15 per cent. The 

 percentage of dyes used in 1904 was 51 per 

 cent., and in 1905 30 per cent. The results of 

 these investigations are contained in Bulletins 

 96 and 104. It was stated that jams and 

 jellies are successfully made without preserva- 

 tives. Where they are not used it is a guarantee 

 that nothing but fresh fruits have been used. 



A general discussion took place in which 

 the view was freely expressed, that if nothing 

 but pure fruits are used in the manufacture 

 of jams and jelHes it will increase their con- 

 sumption and benefit the fruit industry. 



Mr. McOill said that there is not a preserva- 

 tive known that will not injure the digestion in 

 Iiroportion to the (|uantity of it that is used. 

 Phis ended the discussion, but on the following 

 day the resolutions committee submitted the 

 following resolution which was adopted: 



"Resolved, that whereas a large percentage 

 of the jams and jellies labelled 'Genuine' or 

 Pure ' that are offered for sale within the 

 Dominion are adulterated; 



"Whereas the low prices quoted on these 

 articles secure for them a ready sale, to the 

 disadvantage of the pure article; 



"Whereas the interests of the manufacturers 

 of pure goods, the fruit growers, and consumers 

 are thereby impaired ; 



"Therefore, be it resolved, that this confer- 

 ence urgently requests the Federal Govern- 

 ment to secure the immediate enforcement of 

 the 'Pure Foods Act,' and that the Act be so 

 amended as to compel the manufacturers of 

 jams and jellies to print their formulas on their 

 labels." 



TUESDAY evening's SESSION. 



A public meeting was held Tuesday evening, 

 at which the principal speakers were Hon. 

 Sydney Fisher, who traced the work that has 

 been done by the Dominion Experimental Farms, 

 and what led up to the introduction and adop- 

 tion of the Fruit Marks Act; Sir Frederick 

 Borden, who dealt mainly with fruit conditions 

 in his Province, Nova Scotia, where he has 

 an orchard of 8,000 trees, and by Prof. Jas. 

 W. Robertson, formerly Dominion Commis- 

 sioner of Agriculture. All three speakers gave 

 highly interesting addresses of a general nature. 



EXHIBITS OF FRUIT ABROAD 



The making of exhibits of fruit at foreign 

 exhibitions was taken up at the Wednesday 

 morning session, when the resolutions com- 

 mittee submitted the following resolution, 

 which was finally adopted : 



"Resolved, that the thanks of this conference 

 he tendered to the Minister of Agriculture for 

 aid received from his Department in past 

 years in advertising our products in the United 

 States and abroad, through displays at the 

 various exhibitions that have been held from 

 time to time. We would solicit further aid 

 in continuance of this work, and would suggest 

 that exhibits representing all of the provinces 

 of the Dominion be held at the fall show of 

 the Royal Horticultural Society, England, 

 in 1906, and also at any other shows that may 

 be held in the future, and that are considered 

 of sufficient importance by the Minister of 

 Agriculture. 



"We would suggest in this connection, that 

 in future the fruit for exhibition pur]X)ses, 

 particularly apples, be gathered in the orchards 

 during the picking season, properly wrapped, 

 packed and placed in cold storage, instead of 



making selections during the winter months 

 from stock in storage; 



"And further, that part of each display be 

 exhibited in the packages generally used in 

 carrying such products to the markets." 



In the discussion of the resolution, Mr. 

 Ross suggested that all exhibits be distinctly 

 Canadian and shown as such. Mr. Fisher 

 replied that this has always been done as it has 

 been found that it causes confusion in the 

 minds of sightseers when they see exhibits 

 from different parts of Canada competing one 

 against the other. They do not seem to realize 

 that the fruit from each province is all a part 

 of the DoiTiinion exhibit. 



Mr. Palmer: "Our British Columbia growers 

 were very successful with their exhibit at the 

 Royal Show in England. The fruit was picked 

 in the orchards of our best growers. The ship- 

 ment was made in the usual way and upon its 

 arrival in England it had to be stored for 3 or 

 4 weeks. It was found that, in order to make 

 the best show possible, it was necessary to dis- 

 play the fruit both on plates and in packages. 

 As we grow different kinds of fruit in the dif- 

 ferent provinces of Canada, it seems necessary 



N. £. Jack, Chateauguay Basin, Que. 



One of the Delegates to the Fruit Conference 



that, if each section is to receive proper credit 

 for its exhibits, they must be put up in such a 

 way that sightseers will be able to distinguish 

 what part of Canada they are from. Our 

 growers do not fear competition from other 

 parts of Canada, but we do fear that from the 

 Western States, and we would like to have the 

 people who see the exhibits know that we can 

 grow as good fruit in British Columbia as they 

 can in the Western States." 



Father Burke: ""How long should the fruit be 

 picked before these exhibitions?" 



Mr. Fisher: '"About a month." 



Mr. Fisher explained that the reason the fruit 

 for these exhibitions has not been gathered in 

 the orchards in the past, has been because it 

 was not decided to make the exhibits until after 

 the fruit had been picked. This made it neces- 

 sary for the department to gather the exhibits 

 the best way it could. He promised that atten- 

 tion would be paid to this point in future. 



EXPERIMENT STATION WORK 



The work being done by the Depts. of Agri., 

 in the different provinces to encourage fruit 

 production was dealt with at considerable length 

 at the Wed. afternoon session. The subject 

 was introduced by Mr. Tinus Woolverton, of 

 Grimsby, the Sec'y of the Ontarip Fruit Expt. 

 Stations. Mr. Woolverton stated that whereas 



Ont. had only 4 expt. stations in 1894, the 

 number had increased to 13 in 1904. Ihe ex- 

 penditure connected with these stations amounts 

 to about $3,600 a year. The results of the ex- 

 periments at these stations show what varieties 

 of fruit are best adapted for each part of the 

 province, both for commercial and domestic 

 purposes. The experimenters have formulated 

 black lists for various districts to prevent plant- 

 ers from loss caused by the use of unsuitable 

 varieties. The purchase of a central experi- 

 mental fruit farm has been proposed where all 

 new varieties can be tested. The speaker sug- 

 gested the collation of information gained by 

 the various provinces u]Jon nomenclature of 

 fruits which ought to be uniform for all parts of 

 Canada. Apples essentially the same had dif- 

 ferent names in different provinces. Also as to 

 identification of varieties, fruit growers would 

 be glad of a central office to which they might 

 appeal. 



The work in N.S. was dealt with by Prof. F. 

 C. Sears. Twenty-eight model orchards have 

 been established, the stock for which is furnished 

 by the Govt. The farmers who look after these 

 orchards furnish 2 acres of land and agree to 

 manage the orchards tmder the direction of the 

 Dept. for 10 years. The idea has been to intro- 

 duce new methods rather than new varieties, 

 although each experimenter is given one or two 

 new varieties to experiment with. At Woif- 

 ville, there is a plot of several acres that is de- 

 voted to experimental work. The work on the 

 whole has been very successful. " 



Much the same work has Vjeen done in N.B., 

 an account of which was given by Mr. Peters, 

 the de])uty minister of agri. The experiment 

 stations are visited once or twice a year, that 

 the DejJt. may know that its directions are be- 

 ing carried out. In each model orchard, 10 

 varieties are tested. As a result of the work, 

 one or two varieties that were tried at first have 

 been discarded, including Ben Davis and Rhode 

 Island Greening. The first suffered severely 

 from the cold winters. The varieties that are 

 giving the best results are the Fameuse, Mcin- 

 tosh, Duchess, Wealthy, Milwaukee, Baxter, 

 North Star, Canada Baldwin, Wolf River, and 

 Alexander. The results have been fairly satis- 

 factory. A statement is published each year 

 showing the number of trees set in each section 

 and how they have succeeded. In sections 

 where farmers said it was imjxjssible to raise 

 fruit successfully, these farmers having tried 

 to raise fruit and failed, principally because they 

 did not use the proper methods, these orchards 

 have shown that fruit can be raised. This is 

 likely to lead to a great increase in the amount 

 of fruit produced in the province. 



A statement of the work done in P.E.I, was 

 made by .Mr. J. C. Ready, sec'y of agri., who 

 stated that in 1902, an experimental fruit or- 

 chard had been established which comprised 

 7)^ acres. In the same year, 5 experiment sta- 

 tions were established in different sections of 

 the province, which number has since been in- 

 creased to 9. The original intention had been 

 to give instruction in the orchards each year, 

 but this has not been done. This year some 

 varieties of apples from Minnesota are being 

 tried, to see if they will suit the Island con- 

 ditions. 



For Quebec, a report was presented by Mr. 

 J. C. Chapais, of St. Denis, who stated that ex- 

 periments in fruit growing have been conducted 

 during the past 10 years only. There are some 

 10 ex|)eriment stations which are doing splendid 

 work in his section, where they used to think 

 fruit could not be grown; they are raising 49 

 varieties of apples, 27 of jjlums and 12 of cherries.' 

 Each station receives $100 from the Dept. of 

 .Agri., and a report of its experiments is pub- 

 lished by the Dept. 



The following resolution was submitted and 

 adopted unanimously: "Resolved, that it would 

 be in the best interests of the fruit growers of 

 the Dominion that the horticulturist of the 

 Central Experimental Fann, or other competent 

 officer, should be authorized to collect informa- 

 tion on fruit topics, from the work of the vari- 



