180 



T UK CANADIAN H O 11 T I C U L T U R 1 S T 



ciUivalion can be practised, but the 

 roots of celery plants forage widely, 

 and after about two months horse 

 cultivation must be discarded. After 

 that t me it is not safe to hoe deeply. 

 It is much better to pull the weeds by 

 hand. Where the ground is not com- 

 paratively clean, single rows should 

 be planted. 



"Within the past few years we have 

 changed ojr methods of planting cel- 

 ery. At one time it was thought that 

 a good crop could not be produced 

 unless a trench were dug and three or 

 four inches of manure placed in the 

 bottom of it, soil put on the top and the 

 plants set in this soil. It was found, 

 however, that when the roots reached 

 the manure they went no farther. The 

 result was that the root system was 

 partially destroyed, and soon the top 

 became blighted as well. 



"The place of planting late celery 

 is regulated by the nature of the sea- 

 son. If there has been little rain single 

 rows are planted between the double 

 rows that were put in for an early crop, 

 because celery would not thrive on 

 higher land of a more sandy nature in 

 such a season. If, however, there has 

 been plenty of rain, the late crop is 

 planted on the high ground from which 

 an early crop of potatoes has been taken. 

 It can be put in as late as August. 

 Single rows are preferred because it 

 must be placed by banking with clay. 

 If an attempt were made to bleach 

 double rpws by boards late in the sea- 

 son, the celery would be seriously dam- 

 aged by frost. In fact, more injurv 

 would result to celery with boards 

 around it than if it were standing 

 naked. I have left the crop out as 

 late as November 15. 



BLEACHING CELERY 



"In bleaching celery care must be 

 taken not to have more of the early 

 crop boarded in than will be sold within 

 two we?ks. It is better to have it 

 too green when rriarketed than to have 

 it overbleached. The difference is so 

 great that some customers think that 

 there is a difference in the soil. The 



main essential, however, is to regulate 

 the bleaching to suit the sales. Late 

 celery should never be put on low, wet 

 ground, because the fall rains cause 

 the ground to become wet and cold, 

 and the roots are injured, making the 

 plants susceptible to blight. 



"Many schemes are adopted to avoid 

 wasting ground or let it go idle. Let- 

 tuce can be planted about May 24, and 

 in the latter part of June single rows 

 of celery can be placed between these. 

 The lettuce will be done in time to 

 allow banking up the celery. Early 

 cabbage can be set out as soon as the 

 ground is fit for cultivation, and Brus- 

 sels' sprouts set between these about 

 the middle of June. When the ground 

 is kept busy the weeds are more easily 

 kept in check. Onion sets are put in 

 early in the spring in rows about 15 

 inches apart. Then about June 15, 

 cauliflowers are planted in every second 

 space. Beets, carrots, onions, etc., are 

 planted in rows 14 or 15 inches apart. 

 Silver skin onions are planted exten- 

 sively because there is no difficulty in 

 cleaning them. 



"An early crop of peas can be pro- 

 duced by sowing the peas between 

 onions from California sets. These sets 

 are planted about the last of August, 

 or as soon as the onions of the previous 

 season have ripened their sets suffi 

 ciently for use. They are planted in 

 rows about three feet apart and kept 

 well cultiv^ated until late fall. As soon 

 as the snow has gone in the spring they 

 arc ready for market. A few are kept 

 to produce sets for planting the follow- 

 ing August. Early in the spring the 

 scuffler is run between these rows and 

 peas planted there. Knott's Excelsior 

 is the most satisfactory for early pro- 

 duction. There are dwarf growers that 

 are well podded with peas of good 

 quality. This year the first was taken 

 to market on June 19 and brought $2 

 a bushel. 



CAULIFLOWERS 



"A sandy loam suits cauhflowers well, 

 but the early crop cannot be grown suc- 

 cessfully in such soil on account of the 

 maggot. When the plants are set in 



stiffer soil the damage due to this in- 

 sect is very slight, while if the plants 

 were put in a sandy loam almost all 

 of them would be destroyed. About 

 July I the pest ceases to work, and very 

 few plants set out after that date are 

 lost. With the early crop all that can 

 be done is to set new plants in places 

 where the maggots have played havoc. 

 In this way a full stand is had by early * 

 July. This suits for marketing, as the - 

 crop does not all come in at once, but 1 

 the grower hates to have to plant a 

 second time. 



"The green cabbage worm sometimes 

 makes inroads on the cabbage and cauli- 

 flower patches, but it is easily kept in 

 check either by hellebore or Paris 

 green. The best plan is to mix these 

 ingredients with land plaster or lime 

 and dust a little in the heart of each 

 plant. The hellebore is most satisfac- 

 tory because it destroys every insect 

 it touches, while the Paris green must 

 be eaten before the pests are killed." 



TRANSPLANTING POTATOES 



An experiment has been tried in 

 transplanting potatoes from the green- T 

 house. The tops are large and healthv, 

 but the tubers are not as large as those 

 in a patch planted early in the ordin- 

 ary way. Transplanting was done 

 about May 10, while the field planting 

 was done as soon as the ground could 

 be worked. 



The potato bugs are kept down by 

 frequent sprayings of Paris green. Mr. 

 Synie claims that it is not essential to 

 have force supplied by means of a 

 pump. The plan he has adopted is 

 to place a barrel in a high dump cart. 

 Sufficient pressure is supplied by siphon 

 system to spray the potatoes. Lines 

 of hose extend from the bottom of the 

 barrel far enough to reach the potato 

 vines. On the end of each hose is a 

 rosette to form a spray. All that is 

 necessary is to start the flow, and it 

 continues as long as the rosette is not 

 raised above the level of the mixture 

 in the barrel. Spraying can be done 

 rapidly. This system has given thor- 

 ough satisfaction. 



Troublesome Diseases of Deans 



BEAN growers of Canada will be 

 greatly interested in a bulletin re- 

 cently issued by Prof. H. H. Whet- 

 zel, of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 

 in which is given a description, life his- 

 tory and effective treatment for the three 

 most disastrous diseases of the bean 

 crop. After discussing how these dis- 

 eases are confused by growers. Bulletin 

 239 says in part: 



"In order to combat them success- 

 fully it is necessary that the grower have 



some idea of the differences in these 

 troubles, or at least that he apply the 

 correct name so that he may intelligentlv 

 consult bulletins or books dealing with 

 them. The following key will enable 

 you to determine this with considerable 

 certainty: 1. Rusty brown or black 

 spots on stems, pods or leaves. These 

 spots occur on the seed leaves of plants 

 just UP. On the leaves of older planst 

 they blacken and kill the veins on the 

 underside. Diseased seeds show red- 



dish brown or black spots and are often! 

 shrunken or shrivelled. This disease is] 

 the Anthracnose. 



2. Leaves at first with large watery? 

 brown patches which shortly become 

 dry and brittle. The diseaseJ leaves 

 curl more or less and look as though 

 they had been scorched. Affected pods 

 show "watery" spots, which do not be- 

 come black as in the case of anthracnose. 

 Entire pod may become soft and rotten. 

 This disease is the Blight. 



