phe a Navel 5 to which may be etd- 

 €kd, the Leaves being rough, find 

 (uYromuling the Stalks in Whorles, 

 The Species are i 



1. RuBiAj Tinilorum fativa, C, 

 S. P. Cultivated Dyers Madder. 



2. Rub I A i fylveftris afpera, quA 

 fylvejlris Diofcoridis. C. B. P. Wild 



Madder. 



3. RuBiA j f/lveflris, M-orifpefula- 

 na, major, f. B. Great wild Mad- 

 der of Montpelier, 



The firft of thefe Sorts was for- 

 merly cultivated in divers Parts of 

 ■'England, for the Dyers Ufe j but pf 

 kte Years it has been wholly ne- 

 gledled, ib that at prefent I believe 

 "there is fcarce any of it cultivated, 

 except in fraall Quantities for Me- 

 dicinal Ufe; How this Plant came 

 to be fo rnuch negle(?ccd in Eng- 

 land I can't imagine, lince it will 

 thrive as well here as in any Coun- 

 try in Europe j and the .Confump- 

 tion of it in England is pretty 

 "large ; for I have been informed, 

 that we pay upwards qf thirty 

 ihoufand Pounds annually for this 

 Commodity, which might be eali- 

 ly iav'd to the Nation, were it cul- 

 tivated here. At prefent the grea- 

 tcft Quantity of it is cultivated in 

 glanders and Holhnd, from whence 

 we are annually furnifli'd with it, 

 in three different Manners, and di- 

 ftinguijli'd by the l>James o^ Mad- 

 der in the Branchy Madder iti the 

 Bundle^ and Madder unbundled : The 

 ftrft Sort is brought to us in the 

 Root, a^ it comes out of the 

 Ground, without any other Prepa- 

 ration than that of being dricfd. 

 The fecond Sort is that of Bunch 

 Madder, or fuch as is made into 

 Bundles, which is Madder in Branchy 

 flrH: freed from the Bark and the 

 Fith, then ground by a Mill into 

 grofs Powder, as we buy it. The 

 Siiird Sort is the Madder unbundled, 



that isy the Branched Madder , groun(^ 

 into Powder j but the bunched Mad' 

 der, or that in gundles is the beft» 

 w^hich for its Excellency, when it is 

 frefli, is made into Bales, or put up in- 

 to Casks i 'tis of a pale Red, but as it 

 grows older, increa ies its Colour to 

 a fine Red j that of Zealand is eC- 

 teem'd the bed for the Dyers Ufe. 



In the Year 1727, I obferved a 

 great Quantity of this Plant culti- 

 vated in Holland, between Helvoet- 

 jluyce and the Brill, and it baing 

 the firft Time I had ever feen any 

 confiderable Parcel of it, I was 

 tempted to make fome Enquiries 

 about its Culture, and take fbme 

 Minutes of it down upon the Spot, 

 which I fhall here infert, for the 

 Ufe of fuch as may have Curiofity 

 to attempt the Culture of it. 



In Autmvn they plough the Land, 

 where they intend to plant Madder 

 m the Spring, and lay it in high 

 Ridges, that the Froll may mellow 

 it J in March they plough it again, 

 and at this Seafbn they work it ve- 

 ry deep, laying it up in Ridges 

 eighteen Inches afunder, and about 

 a Foot deep ; then about the Begin- 

 ning of Ap-il, when the Madder 

 will begin to Hioot out of the 

 Ground, they open the Earth about 

 their old Roots, and take off all 

 the Side-fhocts which extend theni- 

 iclves horizontally, juft under the 

 Surface of the Ground, prefcrving 

 as much Root to them as pollible : 

 Thefe they tranfplant immediately 

 upon the Tops of the new Ridges, 

 at about a Foot apart, observing 

 ahvays to do this when there are 

 fome Showers, becaule then the 

 Plants will take Root in a few 

 Days, and will require no Water. 



When the Plants are growing, 

 they carefully keep the Ground 

 hoed, to prevent the Weeds from 

 coming up betv/ccn them, for if 



A a 3 th?y 



