fruits or true seeds. In the Buttercup, Sunflower, Borage, and Mint 

 families, the seed-like bodies are really fruits, while in the Mustard, 

 Pink, Pea and Evening-primrose families they are true seeds. In descri- 

 bing the weeds in the present publication, it seems wise to speak of all of these 

 as seeds, which is the term commonly used by seedsmen, farmers and others ; 

 but in the short notices of the Families of Plants the true nature is men- 

 tioned. Dr. L. H. Grindon, the eminent English botanist in his "British 

 and Garden Botany" makes the following concise distinction: "There is 

 an infallible distinction between a fruit and a seed, however much they 

 may resemble each other: the fruit always has a scar at the base, showing 

 where it was attached to the peduncle, and another upon the summit, indicat- 

 ing the former presence of the style or stigma; but the seed has never more 

 than one scar, indicating the point at which it was connected with the pod 

 that contained it." 



Certain of the worst weeds have been legislated against by the Dominion 

 Parliament or by the provincial legislatures. These are all mentioned in 

 this bulletin, and the province in which they have been proclaimed noxious 

 is indicated under each species after the word Noxious as follows : Noxious : 

 Dom., Ont., Man., N. W., B. C. meaning that laws have been passed by 

 the Dominion and the provinces mentioned, looking to the destruction of the 

 weed in the field or to the elimination of the seeds from crop seeds offered 

 for sale. 



CONCLUSION. 



It should be remembered that all kinds of weeds can be kept under 

 control on land worked properly and under a short rotation of crops, with 

 the ordinary implements of the farm, used at regular time. Many of the 

 recommendations made in this bulletin are special measures for cleaning 1 

 land which has become badly infested by certain weeds. 



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