PLATE 32. 

 ORANGE HAWKWEED, Hieracium aurantiacuw, L. 



Other English names : Devil's Paint-brush, Paint-brush. 



(Noxious: Dom.) 



Introduced. Perennial. Low growing, throwing out many creeping 

 branches close to the ground. Filled with bitter milky sap. 1 lowering stems 

 1 to 2 feet, er.ect and simple, almost leafless, bearing at the top a corymb 

 of about a dozen handsome flower-heads nearly an inch across. The fiery 

 orange-red of the flowers is very striking. Leaves spatulate or lanceolate, 

 blunt-pointed, 3 to 8 inches long, tufted, many lying flat on the ground. 

 Whole plant very hairy, the flowering stems clothed with stellate down, 

 black gland-tip^od hairs and long whitp hairs from black tubercles. Seeds 

 [Plate 56, fig. 66 natural size and enlarged 4 times] small, yV to j? of 

 an inch long, linear-oblong, cut off square at the top, pointed at the base, 

 strongly 10-ribbed lengthwise, the tops of the ribs forming a star-like rim 

 round the base of the dusky white pappus; colour of seeds purplish-black; 

 unripe seeds deep red. 



Time of Flowering : June ; seeds ripe July. 

 Propagation : By seed and by creeping stems. 



Occurrence : Abundant and very troublesome in the upland pastures 

 of the Eastern Townships of the Province of Quebec and in some places in 

 New Brunswick and Princ'e Edward Island. Reported occasionally from 

 Ontario and all the Eastern Provinces. 



Injury : A vigorous grower which spreads rapidly by means of its run- 

 ners and matures a large quantity of small winged seeds, by means of which 

 it soon overruns land that cannot be ploughed, the abundant and useless 

 foliage taking the place of grass and ruining meadows and pastures. 



Remedy: Although a vigorous' grower, all the roots are close to the 

 surface of the ground. In land used for crops, ploughing down and surface 

 cultivation will kill it. Infested meadows and pastures must be broken up 

 and put under a. short rotation of crops. For mountain pastures or uplands 

 where ploughing is difficult, the best treatment is that advised by Prof. L. 

 R. Jones, of Burlington, Vermont, namely, to broadcast dry salt over the 

 patches, so as to fall on the leaves of all the plants, at the rate of li tons to 

 the acre (18 pounds to the square rod). This amount will kill all the plants 

 of Hawkweed but will improve the grass. 



BRANCHING HAWKWEED, Hieracium cladanthum, Arvet-Touve, MS. 

 In hay meadows and pastures in parts of the Province of Quebec and in 

 many places in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, 

 there is a most pernicious and aggressive weed closely resembling the Orange 

 Hawkweed, but having more numerous and rather smaller pale yellow 

 flowers, narrower and longer leaves, and in strong plants tall flowering stems, 

 sometimes three feet high, bearing a large irregular cymose panicle of flower 

 heads. The lowest branches much elongated, given off even lower down than 

 the middle of the stem, but raising up their flower clusters almost as high 



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