joints causing the limestone to break up into comparatively small 

 blocks. In places concretions of iron ore are present, and on Poverty 

 Run these are especially numerous and resemble the stems of plants. 

 Fossils, although abundant, consist largely of fragments, and it is 

 difficult to find specimens in a condition perfect enough to permit 

 identification. The extreme hardness of the limestone also makes 

 work with the fossils difficult. On top of the limestone, however, 

 there occurs a soft friable, black, calcareous shale, generally about 

 1 foot in thickness, which contains a wealth of fossils, at least in number 

 of individuals. Collecting is good as the fossils are easily obtained 

 and well preserved. For the most part the shells are white in color 

 and show up remarkably well against the dark background. In some 

 places a thin layer of iron ore not more than 4 inches thick overlies 

 the shale. It is reported to be sparingly fossiliferous, but no collec- 

 tions were made from it. 



In Mahoning County the Lowellville limestone was first referred 

 to by Dr. Newberry as "dark, siliceous limestone" in his section ! 

 on Grindstone Run at Lowellville, where he ascribes to it a thickness 

 of 1 foot. Professor Lamb describes the deposit at Lowellville thus: 

 "The limestone is black, very hard, tough, and apparently in one 

 layer. It is 2 feet or more in thickness and full thickness not being 

 obtained due to a sharp dig downstream concealing the base. It is 

 very fossiliferous, the white shells and crinoid stems presenting a 

 striking appearance in the black matrix. A few species of brachiopods 

 and fragments of crinoid stems predominate. The latter are often 

 6 to 8 inches long, and lying horizontally, with the section mark- 

 ings showing plainly, they somewhat resemble worms " 2 



Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 



Muskingum County. The type exposure of the Poverty Run 

 limestone is found in Hopewell Township on Poverty Run, a small 

 stream which flows into the Licking River from the southwest. The 

 following section was measured on land of Delia Wise, Section 18, 

 about two miles northwest of Mt. Sterling. 3 Collections were made 

 from the limestone and from the overlying dark, fossiliferous shale, 

 both of which outcrop in the bed of the stream. The shale furnishes 

 especially good collecting material. 



Allegheny formation Ft. In. 



Limestone, nodular, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill 1 



Pottsville formation 



Shale and covered 9 6 



Shale, in part light 7 



Coal . . 1 



iNewberry, J. S., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, opp. p. 804, 1878; Lamb, G. F., Pennsylvanian Lime- 

 stones in Northeastern Ohio below the Lower Kittanning coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, March, 1910, 

 p. 128. 



2 Lamb, G. F., Idem., p. 128. 



sStout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, Section given in part on page 62, 1918. 



23 



