XIV. 



tains arc the sources of upwards of thirty large streams which form 

 eleven good sized rivers. 



The population of the higher Pulnis consist of a mixed race 

 viz. : — Kooroovers, Pooliars, Vadogars, Maravers, Chetties, and a few 

 Pariahs. The Chetties are the traders, and are found in considerable 

 numbers on the hills. The other inhabitants are occupied in cultiva- 

 tion, they are the dupes of the traders from the plains, from whom 

 they purchase goods and occasionally borrow money at exorbitant 

 interest. 



Many of the inhabitants are fine robust powerful men, but they 

 have all the appearance of being a mixed race, and there is no 

 distinct stamp of character such as is found amongst the Todas and 

 Kotas of the Nielgherries and the Karders of the Annamullies. 



The climate of these hills appear to me to be milder and of a 

 more even temperature than that of Ootacamund, though the altitude 

 of the sites of the houses at Kudaikarnal is within a few feet of that of 

 the Ootacamund Lake. There is a less amount of rain fall during 

 the year than on the Nielgherries, but it is more equally distributed. 

 During my stay at Kudaikarnal I kept a register of the temperature 

 with two thermometers, one placed in the open verandah and the other 

 in a room without a fire. The register shows a remarkable evenness 

 of temperature. 



As an instance of the salubrity of the climate, I may mention that 

 although my servants were much exposed during the monsoon to the 

 inclemency of the weather, yet with the exception of one case of cold 

 and slight fever, they were perfectly healthy, which I know from 

 experience would not have been the case at Ootacamund under 

 similar circumstances. 



In 1861 he went to the Shervaroy Hills to make a series of 

 drawings, and the following are extracts from the report. 



" The Shervaroy Hills are situated in the Salem District of the 

 Madras Presidency, about six miles to the north of Salem, in 

 north latitude 11° 50" and east longitude 78' 20". They form the 

 northern boundary of the valley in which the town of Salem lies. 

 Their entire length from north to south is about seventeen miles, 



