66 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [ethanx.18 



and the wood is steamed and bent upon itself so that the thin edge 

 rests against the strip just inside of the base of the handle. It is then 

 held in position by means of two pairs of sticks clamped upon opposite 

 sides and tied by a wrapping of cord or spruce rootlets. After the 

 frame becomes dry the clamps are removed and a series of holes are 

 punched through the overlapping wood. The bottom of the cylinder 

 formed by the sides has a groove extending around it, in which is fitted 

 a circular or an oval piece of wood, with the edges chamfered. When 

 this bottom is in place the stitching of rootlets is passed through the 

 series of holes in the overlapping ends, holding them permanently in 

 position. 



Plate XXIX, figures 6 and 7, illustrate dippers of this description 

 from Norton sound and Sledge island, respectively. The latter is not 

 colored; the former has on the outside of the handle a band extending 

 around the upper and lower edges of the sides, and a strip around the 

 sides of the bottom painted red. The red borders on the sides are 

 outlined on their inner edges by narrow black lines in a slight groove. 



Figure 8 of the same plate represents a dipper of slightly dift'erent 

 pattern from the lower Yukon. It is obovate in horizontal section, and 

 near the beveled edge of the end of the strips of wood which form the 

 sides of the dipper there is a slightly raised boss extending across it as 

 a strengthener. Exactly opposite this is a similar thickening of the 

 side, which strengthens it and renders the curves around the ends 

 uniform, in the same manner that a thickening in the center of a bow 

 braces it and governs the curves. After being steamed the wood is 

 bent until two notches cut in the upper edge come together at the 

 points where one end of the strip should overlap the other inside of 

 the handle. The ends are then held in place by means of four short, 

 stout sticks, which are bound in pairs on the outer and inner sides by 

 means of tightly wrapped spruce roots, which form a strong clamp. 

 In this manner the wood is held firmly in place until it dries, after 

 which the clamps are removed and a double series of holes are pierced 

 for sewing. A groove is cut on tlie inner side near the lower edge, 

 into which the chamfered edges of the bottom are sprung. Spruce root- 

 lets are then sewed along the holes pierced in the side, and the dipper 

 is ready for use. 



Plate XXIX, 12, from Ikogmut (Mission), represents a round, bowl- 

 shape dipper cut from a single piece of wood, with a flat handle project- 

 ing on the inner side; its capacity is about a quart. 



Figure 10 of the same plate, from St Lawrence island, is a flat- 

 bottom, bowl-shape dipper, a little smaller than the preceding, which 

 has a round handle projecting from one side with a quadrate opening 

 cut through it. 



The dipper from Cape Nome shown in plate xxix, 9, is made from 

 the horn of a Dall's sheep. It has a deep spoon-shape bowl, with a 

 long, slender handle provided with an ivory pin, held in place by two 

 ivory pegs set in a slot cut through its outer end and projecting down- 



