92 ' THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [eth.axn. 18 



Plate XXXIX, 14, from Norton sound, is a woodeu-liaudle adz, with 

 a deerlioru head in which is fitted a point of hard, greenish-colored 

 stone, ground to a sharp edge. Pla.te xxxix, 10, also from Norton 

 sound, is another wooden-handle adz, with a deerhorn head in which 

 is fitted a small, greenstone point, with a smoothly ground edge. 

 These two specimens are hafted in the style commonly employed before 

 iron was brought to the country by the Eussians. 



A considerable variety of stone blades or celts for use as adzes was 

 obtained from points between the lower Kuskokwim and Kotzebue 

 sound. 



Plate XXXIX, 12, from Sledge island, is a fine large celt of nephrite, 

 measuring 9 inches in length, 3 inches in width, and an inch and a 

 quarter in thickness; it is roughly quadrate in cross section, and the 

 point is smoothly beveled on both sides to a chisel-shape edge. Plate 

 XXXIX, 8, from Cape Prince of Wales, i? a small adz blade of nephrite 

 intended for setting into the bone or deerhorn head of the implement. 

 Plate XXXIX, 3, from Cape Nome, is a pale, olive-greenish colored stone 

 adz, having two grooves around its upper end to admit rawhide lash- 

 ings, by means of which it can be attached directly to a haft. 



Plate XXXIX, 11, from the lower Kuskokwim, is a curiously shaped 

 celt, partly ground and partly pecked into shape; the point is roughly 

 flattened on one side and oval on the other. A groove is i)ecked 

 around the upper part of the head, by means of which, with the 

 shoulder lower down on the same face, the head is attached directly 

 to the handle and secured by rawhide lashings. 



Plate XXXIX, 13, represents a celt from the lower Yukon, somewhat 

 similar in style to the last specimen. Plate xxxix, 9, from the lower 

 Yukon, is an adz head made from slate. 



Figure 1 of the same plate is an adz handle from the lower Yukon, 

 made fyom reindeer antler. It has been sawed from the lower end 

 nearly to the head, and a piece of wood inserted for the j^urpose of 

 enlarging the shaft and affording a better grip for the hand. Another 

 piece of horn, having a slot in the lower end for the reception of a 

 stone blade, is bound firmly to it by rawhide cords. 



On one of the.Diomede islands a piece of nephrite was obtained from 

 which ax heads had been cut. It was said to have been brought from the 

 Kaviak peninsula. It measures 9| inches broad and 2i inches in thick- 

 ness. The longest edge is smoothly polished and has a coarse groove 

 down the center, showing where a roughed-out celt has been detached. 



Nephrite is used largely for making whetstones; slate is also in com- 

 mon use for this purpose, and other hard stones are occasionally 

 employed. A nephrite whetstone from Kotzebue sound (plate LXV, 1) 

 has a deep longitudinal groove on each side, terminating in a hole 

 through which is passed a loop of sealskin for attaching the implement 

 to the waist belt. 



Figure 25, 5, shows a smaller stone of similar character from Unalak- 

 lit. The specimen shown in figure 25, 4, was obtained on St Lawrence 



