110 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [eth.ann. 18 



Figure 24, plate xliv, also from St Michael, is in tlie form of a 

 double crescent, with a hole in the middle over which the thimble is 

 slipped and retained in place by the crescent-shape bar. 



Figure 14, plate xliv, from Norton bay, is a plain, hook-like holder. 



Figure 19, plate xliv, from Kotzebue sound; figure 18, from Hotham 

 inlet, and figure 17, from Point Hoi)e, are all made from ivory and rep- 

 resent different forms of this little implement. 



Figure 2, plate xliv, from St Lawrence island, is a rude hook made 

 from a walrus tooth, l^igure 4, from Kushunuk, is a rather rudely 

 made hook of deerhoru. Figure 3 is another deerhorn hook from the 

 same locality as the last. Figure 7, from Nunivaik island, is a hook 

 made from walrus ivory in the form of a salmon. 



Figures o, 8, 9, 10, and 13, of plate xliv, represent various forms of 

 this implement made from ivory. All are from Kushunuk. 



Figure 11, plate xliv, from Nubviukhchugaluk, and figure 12, of the 

 same plate, are ivory hook-shape holders from Kotzebue sound. 



Figure 15, plate xliv, from Unalaklit, is a hook-shape holder having 

 a leather band which slips down over the hook, holding it closed and 

 preventing the thimble from dropping off. 



Figure G, plate XLiV, from Kushunuk, is a specimen which has a 

 wrapping of spruce rootlets around the shank and inside the slot 

 wiiich forms the hook to keep the thimble in place. 



Figure 16, plate xliv, is a double thimble guard of ivory from Toint 

 Hope. 



implements for making thread and cord 



V 



Thread for sewing clothing or other small articles is made of sinew 

 from the legs of reindeer, dried and beaten with a maul to loosen the 

 fibers, which are then divided and cleaned. From the Kuskokwim 

 northward to Kotzebue sound and the islands of Bering strait, small 

 comb-like implements with from two to four teeth are in use for this 

 purpose. On the lower Yukon a species of tough grass is obtained and 

 utilized for making thread and for other purposes. After being dried 

 and beaten it is hatcheled with the combs which are used for making 

 thread from sinew. Cords are made in different ways and of various 

 materials, according to the uses for which they are intended. The 

 kind most commonly in use is made from tanned sealskin, which 

 is trimmed to an oval shape, from which a continuous strip is cut. 

 Sometimes an entire skin is made into an unbroken cord. For heavier 

 cords the skin of the walrus is utilized. Tanned reindeer skins are 

 also cut into thongs, and sinews of reindeer and seals are twisted into 

 cords of various sizes. On the lower Yukon and in the interior ter- 

 ritory occupied by the Eskimo, cord is made from the inner bark of the 

 willow. Strips of whalebone are also frequently employed for lashings 

 on sledges, boats, and various implements. 



Figure 5, plate XLViiia, from Norton sound, represents one of the 

 combs used in making thread from sinew. 



Figure 6, plate XLViiia, from the Diomede islands, is a comb or sinew 



