NELSON] LANCES SPEAR AND LANCE HEADS 147 



Figure 22, plate lvii«, from Cape Nome, and figure 21 of the same 

 plate, from Norton sound, are lances of this kind, with the points bound 

 to the wooden shafts by wrappings of whalebone. 



Figure 18, plate lvii a, from Unalaklit, has a wooden shaft, with a 

 long, slender point of flint, shaped like the flint arrow-tips used in that 

 region for hunting deer. 



Figure 24, plate lvii a, from Cape Vancouver, has a long, gracefully 

 shaped head of slate, set in a wooden shaft. 



Sojne of these lances, instead of a plain wooden shaft or a wooden 

 shaft with an ivory butt, have the upper part or foreshaft made of bone 

 or ivory. 



Figure 23, plate lvii«, from the lower Kuskokwim, has a bone fore- 

 shaft set in a slot in the wooden shaft and held in place by a sinew 

 lashing. It has a triangular slate point, between which and the fore- 

 shaft is a deep notch forming a barb. 



Figure 26, j)late lvii a, from Anogogmut, has a bone foreshaft with a 

 triangular slate tip. The foreshaft is excavated at its posterior end 

 for the reception of the end of the wooden part, which is thrust into 

 this hole without other fastening. 



Figure 16, jjlate lvii«, from Chalitmut, has an ivory foreshaft with a 

 triangular iron point set in a slot in its end. On the side of the fore- 

 shaft a sharp-pointed ivory spur is set, pointed backward, and made to 

 serve as a barb to fix the point in the body of the animal. With this 

 specimen is a neat sheath, made from two pieces of wood carefully 

 excavated to the form of the head and bound together by a spruce-root 

 lashing. 



Figure 20, plate lvii a, obtained on Nunivak island by Doctor Dall, 

 has the head made from a piece of iron riveted to a wooden shaft, 

 which is pierced with a hole in which a strong rawhide loop is fastened, 

 evidently for attaching the head to the line, so that the weapon could 

 be withdrawn and used repeatedly on the same animal. A long sheath 

 of wood, wrapped with spruce roots, serves to protect this point when 

 not in use. 



These lances are used when the seal or walrus has been disabled, so 

 that it can not keep out of reach of its pursuers, when the hunter pad- 

 dles up close alongside and strikes the animal, driving the detachable 

 head in its entire length. The head remains in the animal, and the 

 hunter immediately fits another point into the shaft and repeats the 

 blow, thus inserting as many of the barbed heads as possible, until 

 the animal is killed or the supply of points exhausted. Every hunter 

 has his private mark cut on these points, so that, when the animal is 

 secured, each is enabled to reclaim his own. 



SPEAR AND LANCE HEADS 



Figure 34, plate lvii &, illustrates a round ivory head for one of the 



smaller seal spears used with a throwing stick, obtained at Big lake. 



Figure 18, plate lvii 6, represents one of the barbed deerhorn points 



