104 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [eth.akn 18 



grooved pattern extends down tlieir backs and the fore-flippers are 

 indicated by etched lines. 



A grotesquely made reel of deerhorn, from Sledge island, is shown in 

 figure 20, plate lxxii. One end is ornamented with the head of a wolf; 

 the opposite side is forked to represent the legs of the animal, and two 

 forked arms at the other end represent the hind-limbs. 



A reel of deerhorn from Sabotnisky (figure 25, plate lxxii) has the 

 tops of the arms at one end, as well as one of the arms at the other 

 end, carved in the shape of animal heads. On the sides are etched 

 patterns. 



Figure 23, plate lxxii, from Cape Nome, and figure 22 of the same 

 plate, from Kigiktauik, represent deerhorn reels without ornament. 



FISH SPEARS 



In the fall season holes are made in the ice at places where the water 

 is sufficiently clear to render objects visible several feet below the sur- 

 face. Through these holes fish are speared, and large quantities of 

 whitefish and pickerel are obtained by this method. 



Figure 3, i)late lxvii, shows a typical example of these fish spears 

 from St Michael. " It consists of a wooden shaft about six feet in length, 

 with a sharp, deerhorn i)oint, surrounded by narrow pieces of deer- 

 horn with triangular points which are secured by a lashing to a 

 shoulder on the shaft. At the base of these points a wooden crossbar, 

 fastened by a strong leather cord, holds the points in their relative 

 position. When a fish is struck with the central point, the triangular 

 sidepieces spread a little, grasp the fish firmly with their inner edges, 

 and hold it until it can be drawn out of the water. A somewhat simi- 

 lar fish spear from Razbinsky (figure 5, plate lxvii) has the central 

 point barbed, instead of smooth as in the preceding specimen; the 

 sidepieces are fastened against a shoulder on the shaft by rawhide 

 cords, and the points are lashed across the ends in a similar manner. 

 Figure 42, 1, represents a deerhorn prong for one of these fish spears 

 from the lower Yukon. Another fish spear, from Razbinsky (plate 

 lxvii, 0), has two points of reindeer horn with two notches on one 

 side of each. A short-handle fish spear from the lower Yukon (plate 

 lxvii, 4) has only one large, single barb point lashed against the 

 side of the shaft. The head of a fish spear from Nunivak island, 

 (plate LXViii, 1) has the central point surrounded by six others, 

 inserted in slits in the end of the shaft and held in place by a lashing 

 of spruce root. All of these i)oiuts are barbed for about four inches 

 along one edge. 



A small fish spear from Nunivak island (figure 2, plate lxvii) has a 

 central point, surrounded by three other points, forming a triangle; 

 these points are inserted in the shaft and held in position by a rounded 

 ivory ferule. The shaft is very slender, round in cross section, and 



