210 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [eth.ann.18 



The Eskimo to the southward of Bering strait use short-handle whips 

 with a long lash, generally of braided rawhide, largest just in front of 

 its attachment to the handle and tapering to a point at the end, w^hich 

 is provided with a sealskin cracker. 



The ferules used on the handles of these whips vary considerably 

 in form, as is shown in the specimens illustrated. One example, from 

 St Lawrence island (figure 7, plate lxxvi), is slightly spoon-shape in 

 outline, projecting spur-like on one side. A round ferule from the 

 Diomede islands (figure 11, plate lxxvi) is of walrus ivory and has a 

 lobe-like projection on each side. Figure 9, plate lxxvi, shows a 

 round ivory ferule from Sledge island, wdth a carving representing the 

 head of a white bear projecting on one side. Another, from Point 

 Hope (figure 10, plate lxxvi), is a small ivory specimen with a flattened 

 spur on one side. 



In many localities I found in use swivels made of bone, deerhorn, 

 ivory, or wood, which were fastened to the cords by which dogs were 

 attached to stakes or other objects, to prevent the cords from becoming 

 twisted by the movement of the animals. 



Figure 13, plate lxxvi, represents a large wooden swivel of this 

 kind from Eazbinsky, on the lower Yukon. It consists of a round 

 wooden rod, deej)ly notched on one side, with a hole pierced through 

 the head formed by the notch, through which is inserted a stout 

 wooden rod with a large head. In the opposite ends of the two rods 

 are holes in which cords are fastened. 



Swivels exactly similar in design, but made of deerhorn or ivory, 

 were obtained on the Diomede islands, St Lawrence island, on Kowak 

 river at the head of Kotzebue sound, and at Point Belcher on the 

 Arctic coast. Figure 2, plate lxxvi, represents one of these ivory 

 swivels from the Diomede islands. 



Another style of swivel used similarly to the preceding, as well as on 

 dog harness to prevent the lines from becoming twisted, is made by 

 inserting a large-head rod of deerhorn or ivory in a hole in the center 

 of a square or oval block of the same material, around the borders of 

 which are four holes, to which are attached cords with their ends 

 fastened together a few inches beyond their starting points. Figure 

 12, plate lxxvi, shows such a swivel from Unalaklit, made of deer- 

 horn, with a square block on the head. Another swivel of this char- 

 acter, with an oval head (figure 6, plate lxxvi), is from Cape Nome. 

 A similar specimen was obtained on Kowak river. 



A deerhorn swivel from the lower Yukon (figure 8, plate lxxvi) has 

 a head roughly triangular in shape, with two holes for the lines ; through 

 another hole in the center is a deerhorn rod with a large head and with 

 a hole at the small end for the attachment of a cord. 



In addition to swivels, small, double eye blocks are also commonly 

 used on dog harness; these are cut from bone, deerhorn, or ivory, and 

 have holes passing through them in two directions. Blocks of this 



