280 THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT [eth.an.v. 18 



the edge of the box. The face is painted red, the back of the head 

 black, and the cover bluish. 



Another box from Chalitmut (figure 24, plate lxxxvi) is carved in 

 shape of a bear's head; it is painted black, with the open mouth and 

 nostrils in red; one eye is formed by an incised circle with a black cen- 

 ter, the other is an oval incision with a small fragment of glass set in 

 the center to represent the pupil. The cover is ingeniously made so 

 that the lower jaw of the open mouth serves as a thumb piece by which 

 it can be raised. There is a circular orifice in the head into which the 

 cover fits, with a flaring rim, forming a continuous outline with the 

 body of the box. 



An oval wooden quid box from Kushunuk (figure 10, plate Lxxxvi) 

 has the top and the bottom neatly fitted; a groove is incised around 

 the side and three grooves in the cover, which has a rawhide loop. 

 Eouud ivory pegs are inlaid on all the surfaces; it is painted bluish 

 and the grooves are red. 



An ivory quid box from Unalaklit (figure 19, plate lxxxvi) has 

 carved on the surface, in relief, the figures of four seals. A braided 

 grass cord is attached for a handle, and the bottom is closed by a 

 wooden stopper. The cover has been lost. 



PIPES 



The tobacco pipes used by the Eskimo on the mainland and adja- 

 cent islands of no/thern Alaska vary considerably in different locali- 

 ties, as shown in the series illustrated, but in general their remarkable 

 likeness to pipes used in China and Japan is noteworthy, and suggests 

 the source whence the patterns were derived. All of them have a 

 small, cylindrical bowl, with a flaring top of greater or less breadth. 

 V The bowls are ordinarily made of stone, lead, or copper. They are set 

 on the end of the stem and held in place by rawhide or sinew cord 

 passed around the stem or through holes pierced in it. 



Exceptions to this style are found in some pipes from Kotzebue 

 sound, Cape Prince of Wales, Cape Nome, and St Lawrence island, 

 which are made with the bowl and the stem in one piece; but in general 

 character they are similar to the others, 

 V Pipe stems are usually of wood, with.a jpaouthpiece of bone or ivory, 

 although sometimes the wood itself is rounded to serve this purpose, 

 or it may be tipped with an empty brass or copper cartridge shell, with 

 a hole bored in the head. On Norton sound and in the Yukon district 

 the stems are made usually of two pieces of wood, hollowed out and 

 lashed together with a rawhide cord, so that they can be separated to 

 obtain the nicotine, which is removed occasionally and mixed with the 

 chewing tobacco. 



On the coast of Bering strait and at Cape Nome, Port Clarence, 

 Cape Prince of Wales, Sledge island, and Kotzebue sound, the pipes, 

 which are made in one piece, have small, door-like pieces fiitted neatly 



