nelson] 



PIPES 



281 



in the lower part of the stem, which can be removed at will to enable 

 the owner to clean out the accumulated nicotine. Each pipe is usually- 

 provided with a small metal implement, which is used for cleaning the 

 bowl and for tamping the tobacco; it is attached to the stem by a string 

 or band of beads, or sometimes by a strip of tanned rawhide. 



In addition to those described, there are handsomely ornamented 

 pipes made of ivory, with metal bowls. These are not very numerous, 

 but were seen at widely separated localities from the Yukon mouth 

 northward through Bering strait to Kotzebue sound. They are of the 

 ordinary type, but have a narrow stem, beveled on four sides, and are 

 handsomely ornamented with etched scenes, illustrating native customs 

 and life, similar in general style to the etchings on drill bows. 



Figure 13, x)late Lxxxviii, represents a wooden mold used by the 

 Eskimo for casting the wide mouth leaden bowls for their pipes. It 

 was obtained at St Michael. It consists of five pieces; the two side 

 pieces in which the shape of the pipe is excavated are held together by 

 sinew cords in notches at each end; below a square stick forms the 

 base, on which stands a small, upright, round stick to form the hole in 



Fig. 94— Pipe from Kotzebue sound (about J). 



the bottom of the bowl, on the inside of which is a ring of wood with 

 five spoke-like projections reaching to the edge of the mold, which 

 serves to produce the pattern that is seen on the bowls of many of the 

 pipes. A round wooden cover fits snugly over the top of the mold, 

 which has a round hole in the center through which the molten lead is 

 poured. 



From among the large number of pipes obtained from widely sepa- 

 rated localities, the following specimens have been selected for illus- 

 tration as representing the principal varieties found among them: 



A pipe from Kotzebue sound (figure 94) is a huge afi"air, very heavy 

 and clumsy. The wooden stem, 18 inches in length and 3 inches in 

 diameter, near the bowl, is beveled to form eight sides, and has two 

 neatly fitted square tablets, about 4^ inches long, fitted into its lower 

 side; these have a projection on one end to enable them to be lifted out 

 for the purpose of extracting the accumulated nicotine. The bowl of 

 the pipe is of lead, and several roughly oval pieces of the same metal 

 are inlaid on the stem near the bowl; the mouthpiece is a tapering 

 tube of lead about 2^ inches in length. 



