NELSONj 



TOTEM MARKS 



323 



two barbs. The same idea is expressed on the base of the arrowpoiut, 

 where an incised line about an inch in length is drawn along the sur- 

 face of the bone with the two short, parallel, incised lines j)rojectiug 

 from it. The arrowpoiut illustrated to show this ^figure 108) was 



Fig. 109— Spearhead representing a -wolf (/g). 



obtained on Nunivak island, but was made and used by a Malemut from 

 the vicinity of Kotzebue sound. 



The wolf totem is exhibited on numerous spearheads of walrus ivory 

 obtained at various places from the shore of Norton sound south- 



FiQ. 110 — Spearhead representing a wolf (about g). 



ward to Kuskokwim river. These spearheads are usually well made, 

 showing the mouth of the wolf open, with the line of teeth in relief 

 around the open jaws, in the front of which is a hole lined with a 

 wooden socket, in which the conical butt of the spearpoint is placed. 



Fig. Ill — Spearhead representing an otter (J). 



The nostrils and the eyes of the wolf are often represented by blackened 

 incised lines j or they may be circular pits in which wooden pegs are set, 

 or filled with a black substance, so as to show x)rominently. The wolf's 

 ears are usually carved in relief, or are made of sharp-pointed pegs of 



Fig. 112— Spearhead representing an ermine (§). 



ivory set in the sides of the head. In the latter case the eyes also are 

 made of round pegs of ivory, and the boles for the nostrils are plugged 

 with wooden pins. Others have the eyes represented by blue or black 

 beads inlaid in the ivory. The accompanying illustrations of two of 



