324 



THE ESKIMO ABOUT BERING STRAIT 



[KTH. ANN. 18 



i 



those give mi idea of their jicneral character. Figure 100 is from lower 

 Kuskokwim river aiul figure 110 from Nunivak island. 



Nearly all the wolf spearheads have represented upon 

 the surface the form of the wolf's body in low relief, 

 with the legs and feet extending around the under side. 



The representation of the wolf or of some other ani- 

 mal totem seems to be connnon on this class of weap- 

 ons, which are used principally for killing white whales 

 or walrus. 



Figure 111 illustrates a similar spearhead obtained 

 on Xunivak island. It is of ivory and represents the 

 land otter ti>teni. The muzzle is rounded, with a cir- 

 cular perforation for the eye. The mouth, nostrils, and 

 muzzle are outlined by incised lines, but no teeth are 

 shown. Along the sides are other incised tigures, as 

 shown in the illustration. 



A spearhead from Chalitmut \tigure Ili2^ is carved 

 to represent an ermine, indicating the totem ni:nk of 

 the owner. 



Women belonguig to the wolf gens braid stni)s of 

 wolfskin in their hair, and young men and boys wear 

 a wolf tail bung behind on the belt. It is said to have 

 been the ancient custom for all to wear some mark about 

 the dress by which the gens of earh person might be 

 distinguisheti. 



Another gens among the Inalit is that of the ger- 

 falcon [Fnlconu<!ticolus t}i/r/alco). The name for gerfal- 

 con is chl-kuhv'-i-uk: the gerfalcon totem, vhikHbr'-i-a- 

 go'nk: the gerfalcon genSy thi knbr' la'-go-uhl'i-ffit. On 

 spears and arrows this totem mark is made by bars of 

 red paint, which are said to represent the bars on the 

 gerfalcons tail. These bars are shown on the arrow 

 illustrated in the accompanying figure 113. On the 

 Ihiw represented in the same figure this totem is indi- 

 cated by a red and black line along a shallow gr«n)ve 

 in the middle of the inside of the bow. 



The raven totem or mark is represented by an etched 

 outline of the bird's foot and leg, forming a tridentate 



« 



< « 



totoan OB bow aad 



PlO. 114— Siinplo forma ivf the n»veu totem. 



mark, or sometimes -merely by an outline of the foot 

 Forms of this totem are shown in figure 114. 

 At East cape, Sibovia. 1 saw numerous arrow- and spear-beads of 



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