802 



Camps and Tramps About Ktaadn. 



the following formula: — skill x pork + blankets — success. Skill, in 

 the form of experienced and strong guides, transports itself and the 

 other necessaries ; pork means heat and tissue in the smallest com- 

 pass ; warm and water-proof clothing are obviously indispensable. 

 Hard-bread, tea, sugar, and a few lemons (anti-scorbutic) are indis- 

 pensable ; beans, wheat flour, and baking powders, potatoes, rice, 

 and a few raisins (a # little sweet is so sweet in the woods), should be 

 taken where transportation is not too difficult. Indian meal, canned 

 meats and vegetables, and butter, furnish the means of occasional 

 luxuries. With regard to spirits, rum is probably the best adapted, 

 and, while a little is necessary in case of exhaustion or chill, and 

 often has a hygienic importance, it is a very serious mistake, as the 

 hardy lumbermen well know, to use it as a stimulant before exertion, 

 or freely at any time. 



The natural essentials of a permanent camp are, ist, .conven- 

 ient proximity to water ; 2d, a forest to shield the works from the 

 sun, and the tents and the fire especially from heavy winds ; 3d, 

 a level bit of ground having as dry a nature as may be, and some 

 natural drainage. The artificial essentials are, a camp-fire and a 

 tent for the party and another for the guides. To this may be 

 added a tent to be used for putting supplies out of the rain, and also 

 for putting them out of sight. The working drawings and the night 

 view so fully illustrate the arrangement and construction of our 

 camp that little other description is required. Fig. 1 is a cross sec- 

 tion through the center of tents and camp-fire. Fig. 2 is a ground 

 plan and a horizontal section of the surrounding trees. Permanent 

 tents are "logged" a foot or two high on three sides, and the ends 

 are covered with thin boards split from white cedar logs, or with 

 birch-bark or boughs. The roof is a piece of heavy cotton cloth 

 soaked in brine to protect it against the sparks of the camp-fire, and 



CROSS SECTION OF CAMP. 



