graduates of agricultural schools. Leaders of agricultural undertakings were chosen 

 among lawyers, of whom only some had attended special schools. At that time such 

 schools were at Hohenheim (Germany), at Krumlov (Bohemia), and at Stare Hrady 

 (Hungary). There were also agricultural chairs at the universities of Prague and Olo- 

 mouc; in 1812 the chair at the university of Prague was transfered to the polytechnic 

 school of the same city, and the one at Olomouc to Brno. 



In 1850 Prince Schwarzenberg founded the first farmers'school at Rabin. This school, 

 like the agricultural schools at Libwerd, near Decin (founded by Count Thun), provided 

 special education for small farmers and agricultural officials. In 1886 a higher agri- 

 cultural course was added to the school at. Libwerd, from which later on arose the 

 agricultural institute of Libwerd. The teaching in this school was conducted in German. 



A similar Czech school was founded at Tabor in 1866. Already before that time 

 farmers'schools were to be found at Chrudim (1862), Kadan (1862) and at Roudnice- 

 Hracholusky. 



Later, these schools were transformed into higher agricultural schools (the schools 

 at Roudnice and Chrudim in 1885, the one at Kadan in 1888). In 1870 a utraguistic, 

 pomological institute was opened at Troja, the German school for arboriculture and 

 viticulture at Litomefice and a similar Czech school at Melm'k. In 1887 a Czech farmers' 

 school for flax culture was inaugurated at Humpolec, and in 1888 a similar German 

 school at Trutnov. Later, two meadow farmers'schools were added; a Czech school 

 at Vysoke Myto and a German school at Cheb. 



Since 1887 attention was also paid to the education of future housewives. A Czech 

 ladies'housekeeping school was founded at Stezery (1890), German schools at Frydland 

 (1892-3) and Ceske Budejovice (1894). Still later. Czech ladies'housekeeping schools 

 were founded at Louny (1897-8) and Nemecky Brod (1898). 



The number of ladies'housekeeping schools grew considerably when so-called 

 summer housekeeping courses were started at the agricultural winter schools in the 

 off-season. 



In Bohemia there are many of these summer schools. Schools with Czech courses 

 are at Opocno, Bydzov, Pfelouc, Litomysl, Benesov, Sedlcany, Beroun, Hofovice, Ro- 

 kycany, Tabor, Slane and Roudnice; German courses at Kadan and Sluknov. Besides 

 these, shorter housekeeping courses are held at Liberec and Hradisko, and there is a 

 private ladies'housekeeping summer school at Cesky Brod. 



According to decisions of the Czech diet on February 16th and May 5th 1895, the 

 higher agricultural institutes at Tabor and Libwerd, near Decin, have been elevated to 

 the rank of agricultural academies, with two years'courses. These schools are in 

 every respect richly endoved; the academy of Tabor has beautiful buildings, experimental 

 institutes, etc. These two academies were founded for the purpose of enabling our 

 students to finish their agricultural studies at home. Formerly many Czechs were obliged 

 to study at the agricultural universities of Vienna (founded in 1872) and Halle (Germany). 

 At present there are in Bohemia 70 agricultural schools: the agricultural section at 

 the technical high shool of Prague, the Czech academy at Tabor, the German academy 

 at Libwerd, 4 higher Czech agricultural schools (at Chrudim, Roudnice, Klatovy and 

 Plzen), 2 higher German agricultural schools (Kadan and Ceska Lfpa), 16 farmers'schools, 

 of which those at Mlada Boleslav (founded in 1883), at Ceske Budejovice (founded in 

 1886), at Kutna Hora (founded 1994), and at Humpolec (1897-8) are Czech. Prior to 

 this there were winter-schools at Klatovy (founded 1872), Kostelec nad Orlici (founded 

 1895), Vysoke Myto (1897), Pisek (1870), Plzen (1892), Rakovnik (1885) and at Melnik. 



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