BILLENIAGEJE. 113 



distinct order for BilleniacecB is due to Salisbury," who proposed to 

 separate them from the MagnoliacciB of Jussieu. Of this family 

 LiNN/EUs only knew Tdraceray Belima, Ci/rafdla, and Billcnia ; 

 in his time tlie Australian species had not been studied. Adanson/ 

 who was only able to observe the Linna^an genera, was, as we have 

 already shown,' the first to discover the true affinities of the 

 Dillemacets, those now recognised by all botanists ; putting them 

 at the same time near Ranuncdacece, Magnoliacea and Cistinca. 

 A. L. DE Jussieu' knew a larger number of genera which he scat- 

 tered more, putting Billenia and Curatella with Magnoliacece, Belima 

 Tetracera and Tig area among Rosacea, and leaving Soramia of 

 AuBLET and Boliocarpus of Eolander among his " Genera incertm 

 sedis." To the genera then known Eottbcel added Wormia in 

 1783; Vahl added Sc/mmac/ieria, and Vandell, 7)«y«7/(2. Labu.- 

 LARDi:^RE and R. Brown first studied the Australian types, and 

 created, the former Rackynema, the latter Candollea and Rleurandra. 

 De Candolle added another Australian genus, Adrasfcea, while 

 A. DE Saint-Hilaire discovered the genus EmpedocJea in Brazil. 

 Finally, to the English botanists Jack, Andrews, and Lindley, 

 we owe the foundation of the genera Acrotrema, Hibbertia, and 

 Actinidia, which raised to thirteen the number of genera we now 

 admit in the order BiUeniacece. 



This is another order "par enchainement" De Candolle' divided 

 it into two tribes, putting in the first, Belimea, most of those 

 species which Jussieu had made Rosacea, and uniting Billenia, 

 Wormia, and those Australian genera which were just then being 

 studied, into the second tribe, BilleiiiccB. This subdivision of the 

 family was adopted by most botanists, especially Lindley,® who 

 placed among the Billeniece his genus Actinidia, and also Sauraja,^ 

 now referred by most botanists to the Ternstrcemicea, besides 

 Teiracarpaa^ one of the Saxifragece. J. Gr. Agardh^ distinguished 

 among the BiUeniacece the types analogous to Wormia, whose close 

 analogies to Magnoliacece he recognised ; and the Hibbertiacea, of 

 which he confirmed the relations with Cistinece, Tremandea, and 



' Faradis. Land., 73. « Veg. Kingd., 42-i. Endlicheb, Gen., 8-10, 



- Fam. des Plant es, W. 364, 412, 450. subdivides tliis order in the same way. 



3 Adansonia, vi. 272. 7 W., Neue Schr. Gex. Nat. BerL, iii. 40G. 



■• Genera Plantarum, 282, 339, 433. » Hook. F., Hook. Icon., t. 26 1. 



* Syst. Veg., \. 359 ; Prodr., i. 67. ' Theor. System. Plantar., 20(1. 



VOL. I. 1 



