MAGNOLIACE^. 171 



frequently of a brownish or reddish tint ; while originally there are 

 both starch and green colouring matter. In the same plants, the 

 cells of the cortical parenchyma, which remain thin-walled, are not all 

 of the same dimensions. Here and there some of them become very 

 large and rounded. Their contents, at first green, afterwards yellow, 

 and more or less granular, consist of an oleo-ethereal, odoriferous, 

 volatile substance, to which these barks owe most of their thera- 

 peutical properties.^ The bark is markedly different in the Ca?ie/lca,- 

 not presenting those thick-walled cells so much developed in Drimy- 

 decB. The outer cells form nearly homogeneous layers, having walls 

 of nearly equal thickness ; and within the bark we see the elongated 

 liber cells much developed, forming flexuous bundles, which project 

 like prisms or wedges into the parenchyma. 



With such considerable variations in the structure of the funda- 

 mental organs, especially the flower, it is impossible that the 

 MapioUacea should not possess multiple affinities. And in the 

 first place, we find that in organization they are very near most of 

 the orders termed FolycarjncecB, especially AnonacecB, Dilleniacece, 

 ManunculacecB, and Meuispermacea. The Anonaceae, which were, as we 

 have seen, so long united with them, only differ in one character — 

 their ruminated albumen. None of the other characters cited by 

 authors is constant ; neither the aestivation of the jDcrianth, nor the 

 presence or absence of stipules, nor the independence or union of 

 the carpels, nor the union or separation of the sexes. Eiqmmatia, 

 usually referred to Aiionacece, especially on account of its ruminated 

 albumen, has exactly the exstipulate leaves of certain Mag- 

 noliacece ; and its carpels, sunk in the cavity of the common re- 

 ceptacle, are thus united together into a single mass with the styles 

 alone distinct, like those of Zyyogynnm. The fruit of Anonacece is 

 almost always indehiscent ; but that of Anaxayorca consists of true 

 follicles, like those frequently found in Maynoliacca. These last are 

 also closely analogous to Dilleniacece. It is true that till very recently 

 it might be remarked that the BUleniacea are not aromatic, and that 



raore nearly equal, and they are rarely solitary, stance is produced, nearly homogeneous, and of 

 more usually aggregated to form irregular whitish yellowish colour. 



masses. 



EicuLEK, Iqc. cit. Thisbotanist has foundthat 

 ' In time, a solid balsamic and resinous sub- in Brimijs the periderm and suber are wanting. 



