180 NATURAL EISTOBY OF PLANTS. 



known in Europe in 1579, having discovered it in the neighbourhood 

 of Magellan's Straits, in Sir F. Drake's circumnavigation of the 

 world. The use of this bark during the passage had, it appears, 

 cured or preserved the crew from scurvy. Clusius gave it the name 

 of Winter bark, and described it' as aromatic, acrid, burning, and 

 pungent.^ It is probably the same plant, or one of its varieties, that 

 FoRSTER names Drinii/s Jrinfrri, and of which Solander & Murray 

 made their IFinfcrnitia, or Wintera nromatica. Drimi/s chilpiisis DC. 

 (the Ca/icio oi Ch'iW), pinicfata Lamk., and //ra/iafc/f-sis L. fil., which 

 are for many authors only forms of D. Winleri, all have aromatic, 

 pungent, very stimulating barks, that might be employed like the 

 true Winter hark^ now-a-days extremely rare, so that the bark of 

 species of Canella and Cinnamodendron is almost always substituted 

 for it. As to the acrid, pungent, astringent, aromatic bark from 

 Mexico, called Chachaca, or Palo piquante, if produced, as conjectured, 

 by D. mexicana DC, it only owes whatever difference it may have 

 in taste or aroma from B. granatcniiis to the difl'erent conditions 

 under which it is developed, for the two plants are identical. All 

 the American and Oceanian species of Briniys indifferently might, 

 no doubt, serve the same ends. The Australian and Tasmanian 

 species, which constitute the section Ta-swannia, have very similar 

 properties.'' 



All the Cancllca are very aromatic, pungent, stimulating plants. 

 These properties have been long recognised in the type of this group, 

 Canetta atba, or Wintrranin Canella, which produces the Canella Alba 

 Bark of druggists, often substituted for Winter Bark,' from which it 

 is easily enough distinguished by its agreeable scent of cloves and 

 nutmeg, by its perfumed, pungent taste, and by its characteristic 



Exotic, lib. iv. cup. i. 75, fig. * D. axillaris FoHST., from New Zealand, is 



' Winter Hark, a« analysed by E. Henbt also aromatic, stimulant, and stomachic. Tlio 



{Journ. Phnrm., v. 'IK'J), contains volatile oil fruits of D. lanceolata, or Tasimiiinia aroiiMf ica 



{oleum corlicix Winleri), a nearly inodorous very U. 15k., arc powdered by the colonist* and used as 



acrid rcddinh-browii resin, a colouring matter, a condiment instead of pepper, 



tannin, chlorate, sulphate, and acetate of potass, ' Accordingly it is sometimes called FaUe 



oxalate of lime and oxide (if iron. Winter liark [cortex Winieranua /tpuriut), and 



' D. (jrannlemin in called in New (iranada also Caniu-lle poirr^e, or butard Costu-t iloux. 



Arbol de Af/i, an<l in llrazil Palo de Malamho, It is not only a stimulating tonic drug, but it is 



Canela de Paramo, I'aura d'Anta, or Ttipir's also used as a condiment in tlie Fn-nch colonies of 



Bark, because it is allcgi-d that this animal eats the Antilles. ThcfrniU enter into iH-rfunu-d pre- 



the plant to cure its iliseases, and that from tlio serves, and the bark is candied. A nwivt sub- 



aniinalman karncdtoknow its virtui>M. The Hra- stance extracteil from it has been culled rttMH^-/- 



zilians oft^jii cnii)loy this aromatic, very stimulating line (E.VUL., Enchir., 536). 

 bark (A. S. H., PI. U». Prasit, t. xxvi.-xxviii.). 



