322 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



consistin:^ in the presence of four cortical fibro-vascular bundles, 

 correspon(Iin<T; with the angles of the stem. These accessory bundles 

 are related to the decussate leaves which spring from the branches.' 

 The epidermic layer is also the seat of a certain number of inte- 

 resting modifications. Both on the axes and on the appendages, 

 it often bears ridges, wrinkles, hairs, or scales. Very few of the 

 Monimiacca are completely glabrous. Even Ilcihjcarya arborca, in 

 which the surface appears very smooth, has some simple hairs on 

 the young branches and the veins of the leaves. In the Cali/canfhea 

 these hairs are quite characteristic. Their bases consist of 

 rough prominent epidermic cells.- The hairs themselves, conical 

 and bent like a bird's claw, lie on the surface of the leaf with their 

 points towards its apex ; so that the leaf only feels rough when the 

 finger is passed towards the base. On the leaves of Peumus Boldus are 

 similar hairs, but they are thinner and less rigid ; some are simple, 

 while others are stipitate, afibrding a transition towards the stellate 

 hairs of Monimia^ Palnwria, and certain species of Slparnna. In these 

 three genera the hairs may consist of a large number of equal 

 diverging branches ; or its upper part may simulate a simple hair, 

 through the enormous development of the terminal branch, wliile the 

 lateral branches are very short in proportion, only forming a slight 

 swelUng near its base. Several species of Sipan/na possess only 

 sessile stellate hairs ; in others, again, the part of the leaf bearing 

 the hair forms a conical elevation, so that the hair radiates from the 

 apex of a more or less rigid prickle. Finally, several Sipnrtnia-s, 

 especially S. Conuleum, are covered with peltate, radiated, scaly hairs, 

 altogether like those of the Elaaynacra. 



Affinities. — I'he Monimiacca were formerly put near the Urti- 

 cacecB, especially the ArtocarpecB, by those botanists only who con- 

 founded the floral receptacle of Sipartaia, Tdnihoitrissa, and otlior 

 allied genera, with the similarly formed receptacle bearing the 



' TuKVlu., Ueh. ein. Arten anomal. JloUbild. " On the superior snifnco of the li'af(80c p. 286. 



tti Dicofifl., Iiul.Zrit.{\H\7),-S7i).—OAVVicn., note 4) tliew? Imirs nro far more dcvulopiHl in 



in (irii.i,KM. Aic/i. JM., ii. 4'.):}. Tliin relation i8 CAimonant/ius tliun in (alycanihut. 



:i1m) (1. inonhtruted l)^' the fiitt tlmt in thowe nh- » Tdlasne (i/on.. 27&) lulniitu the existencu 



norniul Crunchen whire the loavuM het(.n)e ulter- of thwo atony foncrctit)n», t-alled by Wkkuki.I. 



niite, and are arranged in a hjural, wI.oho an^Milar c.VKtoliths, in the leave* of Monimia onU 



divergence is J, there are five of Hu'hv uwemMiry i't-umus. 

 biindk'h in the bark. (Soe Ailaimonui, ix. llKjj 



