356 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



receptacle like a very Hat cup with a circular rim, and the bottom 

 pushed up in the middle like that of a wine-hottle. On this central 

 projection, the true organic apex of the receptacle, are borne the 

 carpels, while the perianth and androceum are inserted on the edges. 

 The calyx consists of five sepals, valvate and sli<j:htly reduplicate in 

 the bud, or rarely a little imbricated. Outside the calyx are five 

 leaves alternating with the sepals, and forming what is called the 

 calycle.' The petals, alternate with the sepals, are shortly unguicu- 

 late, imbricated in the bud. The stamens are usually twenty in 

 number, and are in this case arranged in three whorls ; there are five, 

 each in front of the median line of a sepal, then as many in front 

 of the petals, and lastly, ten others, one on either side of each of the 

 latter.^ Each consists of a free filament and an introrse or sublateral 

 two-celled anther, dehiscing longitudinally.' A glandular disk, more 

 or less marked, lines the inside of the receptacle from the insertion of 

 the stamens to the central prominence, which is covered by the in- 

 definite carpels. These last are free, each consisting of a one-celled 

 ovary, surmounted by a st^le which is inserted at a variable height on 

 the ventral angle of the ovary, and gradually widens out towards its 

 truncate stigmatiferous summit. Inside the ovary, about half-way 

 up the ventral angle,^ is inserted a descending subanatropous ovule, 

 whose micropyle looks upwards and outwards' (fig. 41b). The fruit 

 is multiple, composed of a large number of achenes,'* borne on the 

 prominent part of the receptacle, now much thickened,' fleshy, and 

 succulent.^ The calyx and involucre persist at the base of this 



* Tbese are of stipular nature, each being bands, sometimes smooth, sometimes ]wpiUo8e. 



formed by the fusion of two adjacent stipules. We meet witli nearly the sjune orpiniz.ition in 



Indeed, very freciuently this fusion does not take nearly all the genera of this series — t'otentilla, 



place, and the calycle consists of ten leaves, in Geum, Drt/as. 



free or cohering pairs alternate with the sepals * The insertion of the ovule is lower down 



(see rATEU, Jilrm. de But., 90, <igs. 11.3, IH). according as that of the style (the true organic 



In one yellow-tlowered species, F. indica I)t'. a|>ex of the ovary) approaches the busi-. Thus, 



{I'rodr., ii. 571), wliich Smith (Trans. Linn. in F. indica the style is attaclanl at the junction 



A'or., X. 37-; — Wali'., Ann., iv. (JfiS) proiKwetl of the suptrior and middle thirds of the ovary; 



to make the ty])c of a distinct secticm under the the ovule is here very distinctly descending, and 



name of I)uche»neit, the leaves of the calycle its anatroj)y is far more i>ertc<'t than wiiere the 



are broad and with incised edges, and are far style is insertwl lower «l»wii. 



larger than the sepals themselves. * The ovule has a single coat. 



' When there arc more than twenty stamens * I^I ore frecjuently they are true drujH's ; but 



it is due to the tx-currence <jf iimrc or h-ss nume- the mestn-arji is very thin. 



roua deduplications, so that iu several whorls ' I'sually it rises u]) in the intervals between 



two or three of these organs may occupy the the fruits, so that they are inserted in little pit*. 



j)laco of a single one. but sometimes, as iu /'. indica, this insertion is 



'' The pollen is eUi|)soidnl with thrno longi- on slight promimnces of the receptacle, 



tudinal grooves, which in water became a* ma!iy " It may be harder and almost fibrous, of a 



