386 NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



rest in threes superposed to the petals. Each consists of a free fihi- 

 ment, and an introrse two-celled anther, dehiscing h)ngitudinjdly. The 

 female Hower has the same perianth, but the stamens have only 

 small sterile anthers, and on the slightly prominent summit of the 

 receptacle are inserted five free alternipetalous carpels, each consist- 

 ing of a one-celled ovary, and a style inserted on the ventral angle, 

 with a dilated two-lobed stigmatiferous apex. Within the ven- 

 tral angle of each ovary we observe a parietal placenta, bearing two 

 vertical rows of more or less ascending imbricated anatropous ovules. 

 The concavity of the receptacle is lined by a layer of glandular tissue. 

 The multiple fruit consists of five follicles in a star; they are originally 

 ascending, but rapidly become bent back, so that their free ends 

 look outwards and downwards, while above, at a slightly higher 

 level than the base, is an obtuse hump.' The seeds are numerous, 

 with terminal wings, as in Qu'iUaja, and exalbuminous. Three or 

 four species of Krif/c/iccl-'ur are known, trees from Chili and Peru. 

 Their leaves are alternate, coriaceous, and persistent, with two cadu- 

 cous stipules at the base. The flowers are terminal, or more rarely 

 axillary. The female flowers are collected in cymose panicles. 



The hermaphrodite flowers of VaiiqueUnicr' (figs. 452-455) also 

 difl'cr but little from those of Quillaja. The concave receptacle lined 

 by a layer of glandular tissue with entire edges, the five valvate 

 sepals, the five imbricate petals, the dry fruit, the winged seeds, are 

 all nearly the same in both genera. The principal differences lie 

 in the fruit, and in the number of pieces of the androceum and of 

 ovules. Vavquelinia has, in fact, about twenty stamens ;^ of these 

 five are superposed to the petals, five to the sepals, while of the ten 

 others one stands on either side of each of the latter set. They all 

 possess free perigynous filaments, and introrse two-celled anthers, 

 which dehisce longitudinally and then become versatile. Here, also, 

 the receptacle is slightly prominent in the centre to give insertion to 

 the gynjeceuiii. 'i'his consists of five alterni})etalous car})els, incom- 

 pletely unit('(l Ix'low into a iivc-celled ovary," but (juile live in their 



' Tht- orpiiiic npt-x. Pnulr., ii. 517.— K.VDI... Qcn., n. ('..398.— li. M.. 



» 11. H. K., A'or. Grn. el Sprr., vi. 18(5.— «»•«., (il5, ii. ',iO. 



C. (lAV, ^7. C/i//., ii. :iC.<J.— LiNui... Hoi. R.g., * We Hoinotiiiu's fiml twenty-five, owing to llio 



t. 1831). — Wai.I'., Rrp., ii. Ti^; Ann., iii. 857. decluplicution of the ulternipetuluuii onoii. 



» CoKH., in II. H., I'l. ACijuin., \. HO, t. U).— » A« in Spirtra JAndUifaHa niid the hIHwI 



II. B. K., Nor. Gt>n. et Spec, vi. 187. — I'ltiu.. iipecioii (bco p. 37«), note <?), whirh linli fogctlier 



Did., Suppl., V. I5(i; ///.. cent. 10, ic. — DC, tlw two >,'eiiera rnuijuilitiia mn\ Spirito. 



