IWSAGEJE. 439 



are found in the barks of several RosacecB, hence used either in medi- 

 cine or for tanning or dyeing. The Bird Cherry' (Fr., Putief, Merisier 

 a grappes), a tree spontaneous in Europe, has a strong-smelling bark 

 of bitter astringent taste, which has been proposed as a succeda- 

 neum to quinine in the treatment of intermittent fevers. The bark^ 

 of the Virgina Cherry^ is supposed to be endowed with the same 

 properties. They are met with in P. Capolina,^ a Mexican species, 

 pointed out as a good substitute for quinine. Margyricarpiis 

 setosus,^ from Chili and Peru, is also an astringent plant, for 

 in its native country it is used against piles. The Ckrijsohalaneoe 

 share these properties, so widely diffused in the whole order 

 Rosaceae. Chrijsobalanus Icaco^ is valued for its root, bark, and 

 leaves, which are considered in Brazil and the neighbouring countries 

 as efficacious in the treatment of diarrhoeaic and leucorrhoeaic affec- 

 tions, and certain other forms of flux. 



It is for the same reason that several RosacecB serve for pre- 

 paring hides and dyeing black. The Brazilians obtain this colour 

 by treating the fruits of Licania glabra and heteromorpha with fer- 

 ruginous earths. The mesocarp of Chrysohala7ius and that of 

 Couepia chrysocalyx also serve to make a deep black, with which the 

 Indians cover the vases they make from Calabashes and Gourds.' 

 In our country a yellow or black dye is obtained from the bark 

 of several Pyrece, especially of the genus Cratcegus ; so with the 

 genus Phoiinia'' in India. We must also cite as tinctorial species 

 more or less frequently used, the Crab-apple {Pyrus acerba DC), 

 and the White Beam {P. Aria Cr.) ; the Eoses when covered with 



nosa L., Spec, 681 ; Fr., Prunier epineux, lupine - Cortex Pruni Virginiani of the Americiin 



noir) that was formerly extracted the astringent pharmacopoeia. 



juice known as Acacia nostras [Native Acacia,] •* P. virginiana MiCHX. {Fl. Bor. Amer., i. 



substituted for the Egyptian Acacia, and pre- 285, nee Mill.; — P. rubra AiT., Hort. Kew., 



pared from the very austere nearly globular violet ed. 1, ii. 162). 



fruit (GuiB., op. cit., 290 ;— Rosentu., op. cit., 4 Cerasus Capollin DC, Prodr., ii. 539, u. 



972). The BuUace (P. insifdia L., Spec., G80) 29.— Lindl., Fl. Med., 232.— P. virginiana 



served the same purposes; its fruit, more oblong g^gg. & moc. (ngc MiCHX.). 



than in the preceding, has an austere bitter 



R. & Pav., Fl. Per. et Chil., i. 28. t. 8, fig. 



taste, almost intolerable. The Ko/cKv/x^Xea of d.— DC, P»-orfr.,ii. 591— Lindl.. Veg. Kingd., 



DioscoRiDES, of nearly analogous astringent ^gg (see p. 352, figs. 409, A^m.—Ancistruvi 



properties, IS according to Tenoee {Prodr., j,^^ilt,,J-^^^^^^ jfi,, 77. 



StippC, n. b7), nis P. Voccomili a, tvom Ciuabria, ,„ .,, , . „ .„,, .„>, -.r 



which has been considered superior to quinine in J |^^ P" ^15. note 4, figs. 486, 487.-x\Iaet.. 



the treatment of certain marsh affections. ^'- ^''"^•' ^osac, 76. 



^ Prunus Padus L. {Spec, ffjl ;— Cerasus ^ Maht., Fl. Bras., Eosac, 16. 



Padus DC, Fl. Fr., iv. 580). It is also called « Especially P. dubia Lindl., used in Nepaul 



Faux bois de Sainte-Lucie (fig. 477). as a scarlet dye. 



