6 PEELIMINAEY EEMAEKS. 



Man is governed by education, while the Horse is governed by 

 fixed laws and instincts. The general impression among men is, 

 that the horse is a very intelligent animal. Under this misappre- 

 hension they undertake to manage him from an intelligent stand- 

 point. For instance, if the horse stumbles or slips down the whip 

 is applied as an instrument of correction ; if he should run away 

 and smash up a valuable vehicle, he is taken by the bit, and in 

 some instances the whip is used in an inhuman manner, as much 

 as to say, " If you run away again I will kill you." If he balks 

 in the street or road, the owner or driver, as the case may be, gets 

 out of the buggy or waggon and rubs him on the head and neck, 

 saying in horse language, " That is right, my little fellow, every 

 time you stop I will rub and caress you." After waiting some 

 time and getting his horse under way again, he jumps to his seat, 

 and begins whipping the poor beast in the most cruel and 

 inhuman way, saying to the horse, by his actions, " Every time 

 you stop when I want you to, I will caress you ; and when you go 

 as I want you to, I will whip you." Most likely somebody is on 

 the sidewalk laughing at him, and he, man-like, whips his horse 

 to show that he is boss. The result is, the horse soon learns to 

 stop to be treated kindly, and refuses to go, because he is whipped 

 for going. 



The same ignorance is displayed in the blacksmith shop. The 

 horse or colt is led into the shop to be shod, and when the smith 

 takes up his foot to prepare it for the shoe, a well-directed kick 

 sends him half-way across the shop. The owner or groom, stand- 

 ing at the horse's head, rubs and pats his neck, saying to his 

 understanding : " That's right, my little boy ; if he takes hold 

 of your foot again, kick him clean out of the shop. " The smith, 

 in his anger, attempts to punish the horse as he deserves, but the 

 owner refuses and says : 



