210 HORSE-SHOEING. 



The usual shape of the sharp stud is that of a wedge, the 

 screwed portion being much smaller than that projecting beyond 

 the shoe. This is a faulty conformation, which leads to the stud 

 frequently working itself loose and falling out, or breaking off at 

 the neck, leaving the screwed portion in the shoe. 



For some years I have remedied this defect by employing steel 

 frost-studs of a conical or pyramidal shape, and having the 

 portion screwed into the shoe as thick as that projecting from it 

 (Fig. 29). This pattern is not at all liable to turn round and fall 

 out on meeting the ground ; while, being the same thickness 

 throughout, there is no check at the screw to weaken the stud ; 

 consequently, it does not break if carefully forged and tempered. 



Fig. 29. 



Of all the appliances designed to enable horses to travel safely 

 on ice, without taking them to the forge, or requiring the services 

 of the farrier, none have stood the test of trial so satisfactorily as 

 this screw stud. I have experimented with all the recent inven- 

 tions, but have found them either too complicated or expensive— 

 not fit for severe work, or else only adapted for shoes of one 

 pattern. 



SHOEING OF DEFECTIVE LIMBS. 



Shoeing is a powerful auxiliary in the hands of a competent 

 farrier for remedying the natural defects which are not unfre- 

 quently observed in the position of the limbs and feet of horses ; 

 while with the scientific veterinary surgeon it is no less a most 



