TREMATODA. CESTODA. 655 



Cobbold, J. L. S. xii. 1876. D. Ringeri, Manson, On the Filaria sanguinis hominis, 

 drv., Lewis, London, 1883, cap. vii. p. 134. Fasdola hepatica, Mace*, 'Recherches 

 anat. sur la grande douve du foie,' Paris, 1882; Sommer, Z. W. Z. xxxiv. 1880. 

 Bilharzia, Fritsch, Z. A. viii. 1885, and Leuckart, op. cit. supra, p. 617. Gastro- 

 discus, Lejte'nyi, Abhandl. Senck. Gesellschaft, xii. 1881. Amphistomum, Blumberg, 

 Inaug. diss. Dorpat, 1871. Opisthotrema, Fischer, Z. W. Z. xl. 1884. Gastero- 

 stomum and Bucephalus, Ziegler, Z. W. Z. xxxix. 1883. Holostomum with Diplo- 

 stomum and Tetracotyle, von Linstow, A. N. 43 (i), 1877, p. 187 et seqq. 



Typical Life-history with anatomy, Thomas, ' On the Liver Fluke,' Q. J. M. 

 xxiii. 1883; cf. Id. Royal Agricultural Soc. Journal (2), 17, 1881 ; 18, 1882; 

 19, 1883 ; Nature, xxvi. 1882 ; Leuckart, Z. A. iv. 1881 ; v. 1882 ; A. N. 48, 1882 ; 

 W. H. Jackson, Z. A. vi. 1883. Life-histories and non-sexual forms, P. J. van 

 Beneden, supra; Ercolani, Dell' adattamento delle specie all' ambiente, Mem. 

 Accad. Sci. Istit. Lomb. Bologna (4), ii. 1882 ; iii. 1883 (cf. Arch. Ital. de Biologic, 

 i. 1882, for abstract with plate) ; Moulinid, De la Reproduction chez les Trdmatodes 

 endoparasites, Me'm. de 1'Institut National Genevois, iii. 1855; de' Filippi, Mem. 

 Accad. Torino (2), xv. 1855; xvi. 1857; xviii. 1859 (cf. A. Sc. N. (4), ii. 1854; 

 iii. 1855 ; vi. 1856). 



Formation of embryo, Schauinsland, J. Z. xvi. 1883; embryo of Bilharzia, 

 Chatin, A. Sc. N. (6), xi. 1881. Synoptic tables of larvae, von Willemoes-Suhm, 

 Z. W. Z. xxiii. 1873, p. 341-3. Anatomy of Sporocyst, Biehringer, Arb. Zool. Zoot. 

 Inst. Wurzburg, vii. 1885; of Redia, Thomas, supra. Leucochloridium (= Macro- 

 stomum), Zeller, Z. W. Z. xxiv. 1874. Bucephalus (sporocyst) = Gasterostomum, 

 de Lacaze-Duthiers, A. Sc. N. (4), i. 1854; McCrady, Proc. Boston Soc. xvi. 1874; 

 cf. Ziegler, Z. W. Z. xxxix. 1883, pp. 539-40. Cercaria : Postembryonal develop- 

 ment of Trematoda, Schwarze, Z. W. Z. xliii. 1886. Cercariae with spines and bifid 

 tails, see Villot, 'Marine Endoparasitic Trematodes,' A. Sc. N. (6), viii. 1879; 

 Fewkes, American Journal of Science (3), xxiii. 1882. Rod-containing cells of 

 Cercaria, Thomas, Q. J. M. xxiii. p. 127 ; Sonsino, Archives Ital. Biol. vi. 1885. 



Summary of views on nature of cuticle, Looss, Z. W. Z. xii. p. 391 et seqq.; 

 Ziegler, ibid, xxxix. p. 543 et seqq. ; see also Biehringer and Schwarze, supra. 



Nervous system : Gaffron, on Dist. isostomum, Schneider's Zool. Beitrage, i. 

 pt. 2, 1884; Lang on Tristomum, &c., Mitth. Zool. Stat. Naples, ii. 1881 ; and 

 Poirier, op. cit. supra. 



Excretory system, Fraipont, Archives de Biologic, i. 1880; ii. 1881 ; and Looss, 

 op. cit. supra. 



Fertilisation, cf. note 2, p. 648, ante. 



CLASS CESTODA. 



Unisegmental or spuriously (?) segmented Vermes, devoid of organs of 

 special sense and of a digestive tract. There are organs of adhesion in the 

 shape of chitinoid hooks, suckers or grooves. The nervous system is well- 

 developed, and has the form of two or more lateral cords with anterior gan- 

 glia. The coelome is represented by irregular channels, the excretory system 



