26 FOSSIL FISHES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 



For this genus we suggest the name XYNE (|vvog, %vvr\, comrade). 

 XYNE is allied to CLUPEA, from which it differs in its thicker enameled 

 scales, enameled opercular bones and in the strong ventral scutes. It has 

 marked affinities with the Cretaceous genus, SCOMBROCLUPEA Kner, the 

 opercular bones and ventral scutes being similar. XYNE differs, however, 

 in the much larger mouth, and in the absence of any suggestion of finlets 

 behind dorsal or anal. The type of SCOMBROCLUPEA should be known 

 as S. PINNULATA Kner (1863), not as S. MACROPHTHALMA (Heckel), 

 the earlier name, CLUPEA MACROPHTHALMA Heckel (1843) being pre- 

 occupied by CLUPEA MACROPHTHALMA Ranzani (1842), a living species 

 of the West Indies. 



22. Ellimma elmodenae Jordan and Gilbert, new species. 

 (Plate XII, fig. 1) 



Type No. XLVII, a small double-armored herring, about four inches 

 long, taken at El Modena by Mr. Hadley, in a matrix of pale diatomaceous 

 shale. Its structure agrees closely with that of the genus ELLIMMA Jordan, 

 differing in the smaller size and greater number of the vertebrae. 

 ELLIMMA Jordan is a substitute name, proposed 9 in placed of ELLIPES 

 Jordan, 10 which was preoccupied by ELLIPES Scudder, 11 a genus of 

 crickets. 



ELLIMMA ELMODENAE is a short, deep, compressed fish, formed much 

 as ELLIMMA BRANNERI, the type of the genus. It has 27 -(- 17 = 44 

 vertebrae. Head 2*/ 2 in length, depth 2y 2 , eye ^ l /> in head ; snout 4, dorsal 

 rays 18, anal 18; ventral 10, pectoral 15. Length of longest rib \ 1 /^ in 

 head; mouth moderate, slightly oblique, the lower jaw prominent, strong, 

 slightly projecting; dorsal scutes moderate, about 14 in number, apparently 

 simple; ventral scutes sharply defined, 12 + 12 = 24 in number; back not 

 elevated ; the profile nearly straight from dorsal to snout ; belly very con- 

 vex ; dorsal fin low and small, its base seven in length, its posterior rays at 

 end of first third of length to caudal. Eighteen rays apparent, the first 

 simple, ventral small, inserted opposite middle or dorsal, about equal to 

 pectoral, which is inserted very low. Ribs long, fine, and numerous. No 

 scales are preserved. Spinous serratures on belly short and stout, followed 

 by twelve weaker ones behind ventrals. 



Anal fin very weak, base ten in length to base of caudal. It begins at 

 posterior fifth of length to caudal; first ray short, spine-like, second 

 longest, about half the height of dorsal, sixteen rays corresponding to 

 nine vertebrae; lower lobe of caudal only preserved; this is equal in 

 length to longest rib; ribs long, fine, and numerous; eye large, in front 

 of middle of head ; opercle strongly developed, broadly convex pos- 



8 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., p. 79, 1913. 



10 Ann. Carnegie Mus., 7, 1910. 



11 Psyche, 9, 308, 1902. 



