PISCATORIAL ENTOMOLOGY. 113 



The first of these claiming our attention are the water 

 Flat-wings, the leading species of which are the Phryga- 

 neidce, consisting of the red, sand, cinnamon, and bank 

 flies, also the grannum or green-tail ; and the Perlidce, 

 which family includes the Stone Fly, Yellow Sally,* 

 Willow, and Needle Fly, or Tail-to-Tail. These flat- 

 winged flies arise from the larva or grub which is found 

 in small twigs, etc., these having been excavated to form 

 a retreat. The Red or Welsh fly is a four- winged na- 

 tural, its wings lying alongside the body, so as to com- 

 pletely envelop it except underneath, thus forming a 

 roof-like ridge across the back. It is the earliest fly out 

 in the spring, and may be seen upon the first tolerably 

 open day in January, fluttering industriously as it is car- 

 ried down stream. These are in some districts believed 

 to be the March Brown, but there is, as has been else- 

 where stated, a marked distinction between them. It is 

 a very useful fly in the early months. 



After the February Eed, the next in this order is the 

 Sand-fly, which is precisely similar as to size and attitude, 

 but of a pronounced sandy hue universally. This fly 

 usually makes its appearance in the latter half of April, 

 continuing more or less prevalent during May, and again 

 in the autumn. Like the generality of four-winged flies, 

 it is seldom on the wing, and when so is a solitary in- 

 sect, but is a favorite with the fish, even when sparsely 

 present. 



The Foetid Brown, or Cinnamon,! follows the sand-fly. 

 This is a much larger insect, being more than two-thirds 

 of an inch in length, from the tip of the head to the tail. 

 In general attitude it is precisely similar to those pre- 



* Sometimes called the Yellow May. 

 t Known by the latter name in America. 



