4.34 



" Discovery," Sep- At McMurdo Sound, during September and October, 1902, atmospheric pressure diminished, the mean 

 1902. ' for the two months being 29 - 161 inches, and the range of pressure 1 -535 inches. The highest barometer 



reading, 29 '854 inches, was recorded on 24th September, with a gentle breeze from east; the lowest, 

 28 '31 9 inches, on the 14th October, with a moderate gale from south. 



The observations for temperature, during the two months, give a mean of -1(T'3 F., and both the 

 maximum and minimum temperatures occurred in September; the former, 15 F., on the 29th of the 

 month, associated with a gentle south-easterly breeze; the latter, - 43 -5 F., on the 20th during a calm : 

 a range of 58- 5 F. 



The prevailing winds during the period were from eastward, between north-ease and south-east ; out of 

 732 observations of wind, the largest number for any point, 33 per cent, of the whole, were of winds from 

 east, but 26 per cent, fall under the heads " calm " or " variable." 



The mean force of the wind, as estimated, is found to have been 2 -5; 3 gales, force 8 to 10, were 

 recorded; and 15 strong winds, force 6 to 7. 



Overcast or cloudy weather was noted during the greater part of the period, and snow fell on 28 days. 

 At Cape Armitage, during the same months, the mean of the temperatures observed comes out as low 

 as -15-9F. ; the highest reading, 10 -5 F., was taken on the 28th September, the lowest, -57 '5 F., 

 was registered on the 12th October. 



" Southern Cross " The " Southern Cross " Expedition, in 1899, had a lower mean pressure at Cape Adare during September 



tomber'^October, an d October 28 '735 inches than had the "Discovery" at McMurdo Sound in the corresponding months 



I 899 - of 1902; but their mean temperature of -7 '2 F., as might be expected, was rather higher than the 



" Discovery's." A maximum of 19 -4 F. was registered during the period, and a minimum of - 36 '5 F., 



giving a range of 55 9 F. 



" Discovery." Lieu- Reverting to the National Antarctic Expedition ; in September, Lieutenant EOYDS and party made a 

 tenant ROTDS to 

 south-west. sledge journey south-westward, starting on the 10th and returning on the 19th, reaching a position on the 



15th in latitude 78 15^' S., longitude 165 24' E. From observations taken during this journey the 

 mean temperature was found to be - 35 1 F. for the period, while the mean temperature at Winter 

 Quarters was - 18 ! F. The weather was calm during the greater portion of the journey, but a fresh 

 gale was experienced on the 15th and again on the 18th. 



Lieutenant ARMI- Qn a journey to the west, undertaken during the same month, between the 10th and 26th, led by 

 Lieutenant ARMITAGE, on which the party attained a position on the 19th in latitude 77 38|' S., longitude 

 164 10' E., the mean temperature was - 29 1 F., when it was - 20 1 F. for the same period at Winter 

 Quarters. 



From the 18th to the 20th, inclusive, the sledge party, however, were travelling at an elevation estimated 

 at 500 feet above sea-level. The weather remained fine for the greater part of the journey, and there was 

 little wind; what little there was came from eastward, from some point between north-east and south-fast. 



A blizzard struck the camp at midnight on the 25th ; the direction of the wind was not noted, but the 

 force was registered as 9. The sledge party must have been not far from the ship when this occurred, and 

 there a light south-east air was stirring. The lowest temperature registered during the journey, - 45 F., 

 is entered against 8 a.m. on the 14th, in latitude 77 46' S., longitude 165 45' E., when there was no 

 wind and the sky was clear; and also against 5 a.m. on the 20th, in latitude 77 40' S., longitude 

 164 27' E., when again there was no wind and the sky was clear. At this time, calm, clear weather 

 obtained at the ship, but the temperature in the screen was not lower than - 23 F. 



Lieutenant ROYDS to A sledge journey to Cape Crozier from the 4th to the 24th October, led by Lieutenant RoYD.s, again 



Cape Crozier. exhibited the great differences existing between the screen temperatures at Winter Quarters and the 



temperatures obtained at no great distance from the ship. Fur instance, on the 9th October, in latitude 



77" 36' S., longitude 169 10' E., the mean of the thermometer readings taken by the sledge party gave a 



temperature of -36 -4 F., the minimum value being - 50 -2 F., while the mean temperature at the ship 



was -18 -7 F. and the minimum -32 -2 F. Again, on the 22nd, the sledge party's mean temperature 



comes out at -20 -7 F., the minimum being -39 -2 F., and at the same time at the ship a mean of 



- 6 -7 F. obtained and the minimum was - 14-5 F. On both of these days the sledge party recorded a 



calm, and at the ship there was a light air from eastward, ^"hile camping in the neighbourhood of Cape 



