436 



"Discovery's" for the same period. The extreme range of pressure, 1-712 inches, is 0-177 inch larger 

 than that recorded on board the " Discovery." 



The menu air temperature of 4 -4 F. is 14- 7 F. higher than the mean temperature at McMurdo Sound 

 during September and October, 1902; the maximum of 25 '7 F., registered on the 23rd October, is 

 10 '7 F. higher than the maximum at Mc.Mimlo Sound in those months, and the minimum of - 26 -9 F., 

 registered on the 14th September, is no less than 16 -6 higher than the minimum of - 43 -5 F. registered 

 at McMurdo Sound six days later. The extreme range of temperature, 52 -6, is about 6 smaller than the 

 extreme range at McMurdo Sound for the two months. 



The mean of the observations for wind force at the German Antarctic Station in September and 

 October, 1902, is found to be 2-8; on 21 days the wind's force was estimated at 6 or 7 ; on 11 of these 

 days at 8 or above 8. The prevailing winds during this period were from eastward, 17' 2 per cent, of the 

 total observations of wind falling under the head "east," and 18 -8 per cent, falling under the head "east by 

 south," but 15-9 per cent, of the observations fall under the head "calm." 



There were 4 cloudless days, when the proportion of cloud to blue sky was less than 2 in 10 ; and 31 

 cloudy days, when the proportion was more than 8 in 10. Entries of rain, snow, or snow-drift, occur on 

 50 days in the 2 months. 



Gaussberg. From a comparison of observations made at an observing station, situated on the ocean ice, at the foot 



of the Gaussberg, with those taken on board the "Gauss " at the same hours, it was found that both 

 pressure and temperature were somewhat higher at the former station. On one of the sleighing 

 expeditions to the Gaussberg, which took place from the 28th April to the 10th May, 1902, it was found 

 that pressure was T7 millims. (0-067 inch) higher and the temperature 3 0- 1 C. (5 -6 F.) higher at the foot 

 of the mountain than were pressure and temperature on board the " Gauss " at the same time. On another 

 expedition made to the Gaussberg, from the 25th September to the 9th October, the pressure was found 

 to be 8 millim. (0 032 inch) higher at the station at the foot of the mountain than that observed at the 

 ship, and the temperature 1 9 C. (3 4 F.) higher. The range of temperature at the former station, moreover, 

 was smaller. It is to the steepening of the pressure-gradient southward, over Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land, 

 associated with the decrease of pressure during the passage eastward of cyclonic systems to the north of 

 the station, that the violence of the easterly gales experienced at the Winter Quarters of the German 

 Expedition must be attributed. 



The prevalence of winds from eastward in Kaiser Wilhelm II. Land is probably due, not only to the 

 increase of pressure landward, but also to the contour of the coast line. 



The " Discovery " and the " Morning " in the Ross Sea had winds from eastward no more frequently 

 than winds from other quarters, in parallels much further south than that on which the " Gauss " was 

 situated during her stay in the Antarctic. 



At the end of December, 1901, and in the beginning of January, 1902, the " Discovery," proceeding 

 southward, had winds principally from east-north-eastward and west-south-westward, but mostly from the 

 latter direction between the parallels of 50 S. and 60 S., and principally from west-south-west between 

 the parallels of 60 S. and 67 S. Thence to 70 S. the winds were from between north-north-east and 

 south-south-east round by east ; but from that latitude to 75 S. she had winds from south to west- 

 south-west. 



In December, 1 902, the " Morning," steaming southward, had winds chiefly from between south-south- 

 east and west-north-west, round by south, between the parallels of 50 S. and 65 S. ; and winds from 

 between north-east and west-north-west, round by north, between the latter parallel and 70 S. Thence, 

 to McMurdo Sound, in January, 1903, 1st to 22nd, she experienced winds from between south-east and 

 south-south-west, the principal directions being south-south-east and south-south-west. 



From the 1st to 10th of March, 1903, the " Morning," proceeding northward from McMurdo Sound, 

 met with winds mainly from between north-west and south-south-west to latitude 65 S. ; thence to 

 latitude 50 S. winds from between west and north-north-west. During the period 13th December, 1903, 

 to 5th January, 1904, the "Morning" and "Terra Nova," making for McMurdo Sound from the 

 northward, had southerly and south-westerly winds for the most part from 50 S. to 65 S. ; subsequently 

 to 77 S. winds between east-south-east and south-west round by south. 



