438 



"Southern Cross" From November to January, 1899-1900, inclusive, the "Southern Cross" Expedition had a mean 

 vembor- January, pressure of 29 '245 inches; a mean temperature of 27 '6 F. ; a maximum temperature of 48 '7 F. (on tli<> 

 _ I tli January); a minimum temperature of -4"'3F. on 2nd November; giving a range of 53". The 

 wind cam (.-, mainly, from south-east, but there was a fair proportion of winds from south and east, and a 

 large proportion of calms. The mean force of the wind as estimated comes out at 2 2, although no less 

 than 25 gales were experienced. 



S.S. " Morning," De- From the 25th December, 1902, to the 25th January, 1903, the relief ship "Morning," under the 

 1902-3 * ary> command of Lieutenant W. COLBECK, E.N.R., was making her way from the 67th parallel of south latitude, 



and about the 179th meridian of east longitude, to McMurdo Sound. During the remaining days of 

 January, and during the whole of February, the ship was anchored in the Sound, not far from the 

 "Discovery." Four-hourly observations were made on board the "Morning" throughout this period, and 

 a brief summary of the results is given in Table 5. 



Sledge journeys, No- A comparison of the results of observations obtained during the sledge journeys undertaken by the 

 190'' -" m17 ' National Antarctic Expedition during the Summer of 1902-3 with the corresponding results registered 

 at the same time at their Winter Quarters shows in a marked degree how much lower were the temperatures 

 experienced by the respective sledge parties, even at no great distance from the ship, than those experienced 

 at Winter Quarters. The direction of the wind observed at Winter Quarters is also frequently in marked 

 contrast with the wind observations recorded on these journeys. For instance : on a sledge journey, led 

 by Lieutenant ROYDS, to Cape Crozier, from the 3rd to the 17th November, inclusive, the mean temperature 

 was 9 -3 F., when the mean temperature at Winter Quarters was 12 - 1 F. The highest reading of the 

 thermometer was 17 F., but the maximum temperature at Winter Quarters during the period was 27 8 F. 

 The minimum temperature registered on the journey was - 18" F., and the minimum at Winter Quarters, 

 zero, F. The average direction of the wind was south by west on the journey, while it was east by north 

 at Winter Quarters. 



Sledge journey. During a journey to the Western Mountains, led by Lieutenant ARMITAGE, from the 29th November, 



1902, to the 19th January, 1903, inclusive, the contrasts in temperature between the localities visited by 

 the sledge party and Winter Quarters are not so marked, considering the elevation at which the sledge 

 party's observations were made during the greater part of the journey. The wind directions recorded by 

 the travellers are, however, very different from those experienced at Winter Quarters, and correspond with 

 those recorded on journeys to the south-east, south, and south-west of the ship. 



In the four days 6th to 9th December, between 77 47' S., 165 21' E., and 77 45|' S., 164 45' E., 

 at an average approximate elevation of 3600 feet above mean sea-level, the mean of the temperature 

 observations noted by the sledge party was 16 '7 F., and the average direction of the wind south, while 

 at the ship the mean temperature is found to have been 23 F., and the average wind direction east 

 by south. 



During the four days llth to 14th December, between 77 49' S., 164 21' E., and 77 51' S., 

 163 45' E., at an average elevation approximately of 3600 feet above sea-level, the sledge party had a 

 mean temperature of 21 ! F., and an average wind direction south by west. At the same time at the 

 ship the mean temperature was 27' 7 F., and the average direction of the wind south-east by east. 



From the 1st to the 6th January, inclusive, between 77 42' S., 160 9' E., and 77" 43' S., 159 38' E., 

 at an average elevation approximately of 7500 feet, a considerable fall in temperature was experienced by 

 the travellers, and the mean temperature during the time is found to have been - 1 F., with an average 

 wind direction south-west by south, while at the ship the mean temperature was 28' 3 F., and the average 

 wind direction north by east. 



On the return journey, from the 12th to the 15th January, between 77 51' S., 162 56' E., and 



77 48' S., 164 34' E., the sledge party recorded temperatures giving a mean of 27 3 F., at an average 



elevation approximately of 2840 feet, and calms, while at the ship the mean temperature was 27 -2 F., but 



the average wind direction was east. 



Captain SCOTT s Table 6 gives some mean results of observations made during Captain SCOTT'S famous journey farthest 



journey south. 



south, with corresponding values at Winter Quarters for comparison. 



Readings of aneroid barometers, for pressure, were supplemented during the journey by occasional 



