DRINKING- AND BATHING-FOUNTAINS 119 



coarse sand and cement, and on top of that 

 another layer of fine sand and cement, which, in 

 the absence of a trowel, I smoothed out with my 

 hands. The finished bath is about 33 inches 

 across, with a rim about 2 inches wide and about 

 one inch below the level of the surrounding 

 sod. 



"When the bath is filled, the water in the 

 centre is about three inches deep and slopes grad- 

 ually to the rim." 



Pans for Fountains. If one has the use of 

 running water, there will be little trouble in pro- 

 viding a constant fresh supply. But simple and 

 effective bird-baths may be made of almost any 

 shallow receptacle, such as large flower-pot saucers, 

 pans of various kinds, wash-boiler covers, etc. 

 Sand and gravel should be placed in these, so as 

 to give a range of depth of water from about a 

 half-inch at the edge to about two in the centre. 

 Or shelving rocks may be placed in the basin ; 

 these would render easier the change of water, 

 which should be renewed each day, and would 

 furnish a standing place for the birds which is 

 better than the smooth edge of the pan. These 

 pans may be fastened in the crotch of a tree, or 

 placed on a post or window-sill, high enough to be 

 out of the reach of cats. It is preferable to place 



