10 MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES 



Mann., Hippodamia convergens Guerin, and Scymnus nebulosus Le- 

 conte. Of the syrphid flies, those consuming the largest number of 

 aphids and the most abundant in the state 3 are Catabomba pyrastrl 

 Osten-Sacken, Allograpta obliqua Say, Syrphus arcuatus Fallen, 8. 

 americanus Wied., 8. opinator Will., and Eupeodes volucris Osten- 

 Sacken. Chrysopa, calif omica Coq. and Sympherobius angustus Banks 

 are the most important aphid enemies among the lacewings. Among 

 the Braconidae there are two very common species in California, 

 Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson and Diaretus rapae Curtiss. Others 

 have been reared by the author and will be mentioned later. The 

 author wishes to thank Dr. L. 0. Howard and Mr. A. B. Gahan of 

 the Bureau of Entomology for their kindness in identifying the 

 various hymenopterous parasites of aphids sent to them. 



SYNOPSIS 

 Family Aphididae Passerini 



Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. 



The family Aphididae Passerini is divided into three subfamilies 

 (following Alexander Mordwilko), which are: Aphidinae Buckton, 

 Pemphiginae Mordwilko, and Phylloxerinae Dreyfus. Van der Goot 

 considers but two subfamilies: Aphidinae v. d. G. and Chermisinae 

 v. d. G. His subfamily Aphidinae includes both the Aphidinae and 

 Pemphiginae of Mordwilko, while his Chermisinae is the same as 

 Mordwilko 's Phylloxerinae. Following is a translation of Van der 

 Goot 's descriptions of the two subfamilies : 



Subfamily Aphidinae v. d. G. : Body very often without distinct groups of 

 glands for the secretion of wax. Antennae usually six- or seven-jointed [when 

 the terminal process of the sixth segment is longer than the segment he considers 

 it as the seventh segment]. Only in a few cases are the apterous forms with 

 three-segmented antennae. The primary sensoria usually have a distinct "haar- 

 kranz" [hairy fringe?]. Cornicles almost always and cauda often present. Fore 

 wings with four veins, the cubitus or media I very often divided: hind wings 

 usually with two cross-veins. Vivi-oviparous : the sexuales mostly of the usual 

 form. 



Subfamily Chermisinae v. d. G. : Body almost always with distinct groups of 

 glands for the production of wax. Antennae three-segmented, often evidently five- 

 segmented. Sensoria always without "haarkranz. " Cornicles always absent. 

 Pore wings with three veins; hind wings with only one small vein. Always only 

 oviparous: sexuales dwarfish, with or without beak. 



s Davidson, W. M., Syrphidae in California, Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 9, pp. 454- 

 457, 1916. 



