OCEAN TEMPERATURES 



345 



Choosing 30 N for the standard latitude Zr 1? the data on solar 

 radiation taken from Angot's tables and based on the atmospheric 

 transmission coefficient of 0.60 gives the following values of the first 

 four constants: 



a= .0128 



= .0159, a== 0.523. 

 b 



Ol = .47 



A later and more accurate estimate of the radiant energy available at 

 the ocean's surface (Schmidt, 1915, p. 121) gives smaller values, on 

 the average, than those of Angot; also instead of the value .0159 



53 



for a z his results give 01 _ -m ~ -0244, which will be used in 



ZJ. i /\ JLU 



in this paper. 



Kriimmel (1907, p. 413) gives the observed normal mean annual 

 temperature and the normal annual temperature range for the surface 

 of the ocean corresponding to a series of latitudes. These values are 

 in part presented in the following table. 



range for the surface of the ocean at latitudes 10 N to 50 N 



From the tabulated values it follows that the gradient of the half 

 range is .175 and the gradient of the mean annual temperature is .72 

 from latitudes 30 N to 40 N. Let m x equal e~ abl where 3 is the mean 

 depth of the upper homogeneous layer. From these values and 

 equation (22) we have 



Va 2 



= -3.35 = 



_ I / *l!5l 



2 \ a 



== _i 15== Ba 2 m i ["i I/ fe * m * Y "I 

 ~2\ / . 



(24) 



(25) 



and 



(26) 



