394 MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES 



An explanation of symbols used in making the computations will 

 be given for reference: 



ff equals the normal surface temperature. 



6 equals the theoretical surface temperature when the effect of 

 upwelling is considered. 



~& equals the mean annual normal temperature at the surface. 



Ob equals the constant temperature at the depth 600. 



A0 7 equals the total theoretical reduction of the surface temperature. 



A0' a equals the theoretical reduction of the temperature at the 

 depth of 3 meters which corresponds to surface conditions 

 (p. 343). 



A<' equals the theoretical reduction of the surface temperature due 

 to upwelling in the interval from 3 to 600 meters.. 



A<' equals the mean annual temperature reduction at the 3 meter 

 level due to upwelling in the interval from 3 to 600 meters. 



A< 8 equals the mean annual temperature reduction due to up- 

 welling at the 3 meter level. 



A0' equals the total theoretical reduction of the mean annual tem- 

 perature at the depth of 3 meters. 



A^r' 3 equals the mean annual temperature reduction due to up well- 

 ing in the interval from 40 to 3 meters. 



Ai' 40 equals the mean annual temperature reduction due to up- 

 welling in the interval from 600 to 40 meters. 



Throughout the interval from 100 to 40 meters the temperature 

 reduction increases at a constant rate by the amount .36 (table 8), 

 the velocity is practically constant (=w^), and the mean annual 



2 3 



temperature gradient is -^r. In the interval from 40 to 3 meters the 



bO 



1 7 Q 1 Q 1 CJ () 



mean annual gradient is - ' = ^- (table 6), but the mean 



o7 01 



velocity is approximately = (1 -(- q)v\ where qu\ is the velocity nt 



t 



the depth 3 meters. Assuming provisionally that g = 0.1 (p. 403) the 

 mean velocity in this interval is .55n\. The temperature reduction 

 in any depth interval is proportional to the length of the interval, as 

 was shown to be the case in the interval from 100 to 40 meters, and 



