OCEAN TEMPEBATUBES 395 



is proportional to the temperature gradient (p. 386). Therefore if the 

 velocity were the same in the interval from 40 to 3 meters, as at the 

 levels below 40 meters, the following relation would hold 



.36 ~/2.3\ 6() ~2.3 



_ / 

 \ 



_ _ _ 



~ 



/2.3\ 

 \60 / 



But using the provisional estimate 0.55^ of the mean velocity in this 

 interval we have Ai// 3 = .55 X -61 = .34. Using the principle (p. 386) 

 that for a given velocity the temperature reductions are proportional 

 to the temperature gradients 



(165) 



Solving for A<' gives 



(/)/ /) A /)' \ 



" - ^ 6 ^" s \ i A~7/\ i-\cc\ 



- = ) (A< ) (166) 



ffe**ff. ) 



From page 387, and the value of Ai// 3 we have A^'=1.7 + .34= 2.04. 

 From page 347, the normal temperature is 



0'= 3.79 cos (30# 69) + 19.5 (167) 



therefore 



-3.79 cos (3Q ( -69r 13.2 -A 



since 000 =6?3 (p. 376). 



The observed mean annual surface temperature is 17?0 (p. 375) but 

 the normal value less A^' equals (19?5 2?04) equals 17?46, which 

 is ?46 higher than the observed value. This indicates that there is a 

 still further temperature reduction of the surface temperature due 

 to upwelling at the 3 meter level. From page 390, 2 = 3 A^>'; 

 therefore, if A</>' is added to both members of equation (163) we can 

 replace 2 by 3 , and the value of -\- A<' differs from the normal 

 surface temperature solely because of the upwelling at the 3 meter 

 level. Therefore 6' (6 -f A<') equals the temperature reduction 

 A0' 8 due to upwelling at this depth. Since only the surface tempera- 



