412 



MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES 



For the whole volume inclosed, from the base B 2 to the water 

 surface, the condition of the constancy of the quantity of water re- 

 quires that 



r 2 W 1 B 2 EB^ Cv t dA 4 Cv 3 dA 3 = (215) 



Coast: 



Wdf~c7 Sen face 



Bottom 



Fig. 19. Volume of water included in part by two surfaces of flow from the 

 depth j/2 of minimum salinity to a depth y lt used in determining the velocity 

 of upwelling from salinity. 



where (dA 3 ) is an element of area of the vertical face of the prism 

 next to the coast, (dA 4 ) is an element of the other parallel face, and 

 V 3 and V 4 are the corresponding horizontal velocities. 



Similarly, in order that the total amount of salts may remain 

 constant, 



r 2 W^B 2 + fv 4 S 4 dA 4 Cv 3 S 3 dA 3 = (216) 



where $ 3 and $ 4 are the salinities corresponding to the elements of 

 area (dA 3 ) and (dA t ). 



