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in this condition the eyes were staring and bleared, the pupils dilated. 

 The head was drawn far back ; in many cases there was champing of 

 the jaws and grating of the teeth, with rapid running or kicking move- 

 ments of both the hind and front legs, followed by spells when the 

 legs would be extended and rigid. Any disturbance of the animal 

 then brought on additional spasms, attended frequently by bleating 

 grunts or groans. In all fatal cases the spasms occurred at irregular 

 intervals until death, spasms becoming weaker and of shorter duration 

 with a longer interval between them. 



In nonfatal cases the symptoms during recovery were as follows: 

 If the animal had been down, it would get up but be hardly able to 

 walk, often falling down in its attempt to keep on its feet. As the 

 animal began to get better it would walk with a distinctly unsteady 

 gait and would sometimes refuse to eat for a considerable length of 

 time. Some would eat while still hardly able to walk. The symptoms 

 would disappear so gradually that it would often be very difficult to 

 say definitely when the animals had recovered, just as it was hard 

 to tell when they began to get sick. 



The sheep that died were sick from five to twenty-four hours. Those 

 that recovered were sick from twelve to seventy-two hours, most cases 

 from twelve to forty-eight hours. Cattle showed practically the same 

 series of symptoms as did sheep. Those that died were sick twelve to 

 fifteen hours, and those that recovered were sick eighteen to forty-two 

 hours. 



Typical Cases 



Case No. 1 A sheep weighing 100 pounds was fed 4 ounces of air- 

 dried leaves at 8 : 40 a. m. on November 17, 1919. The following 

 morning at 8 a. m. she was sick and walked with an unsteady gait. At 

 2 p. m. she was much worse and was hardly able to get up. By 6 o'clock 

 she was down and unable to rise. She lay flat on her side and appeared 

 to be in a deep stupor until 2 p. m. of the 20th, when she got up, but 

 walked with a very unsteady gait and appeared to have imperfect 

 control of the muscles of one hind leg. She was so weak that she fell 

 down, but soon got up again. Next morning she appeared normal, 

 except that she limped on one hind leg. 



Case No. 2 An ewe weighing 115 pounds was fed 5 ounces of air- 

 dried material at 11 a. m. on October 21, 1919. By midnight no 

 symptoms had appeared. At 8 o'clock next morning she was sick and 

 scarcely able to wajk. By 11 a. m. she was down and was hardly able 

 to get up. At 9 p. m. she was still sick, and the following day she 

 staggered around when she walked. Next morning, October 23, she 

 appeared to have practically recovered. 



Case No. 3 A ewe weighing 85 pounds was fed 8 ounces of dry 

 leaves at 10 a. m. 011 November 20, 1919. At 2 p. m. she was drooling 

 freely and not eating. By 4 : 30 p. m. she walked with an unsteady gait, 

 this being especially noticeable in the hind quarters. She continued to 

 get worse, and at 7 : 30 p. m. could hardly get up, and when upon her 

 feet could walk only a very few steps before she would fall down. By 

 9 : 30 p. m. she was unable to stand. Next morning at 8 o 'clock she was 

 about the same as when seen at 9 :30 the night before. She made sev- 

 eral attempts to get up, but each time would fall t>ver. Over the entire 

 body there was a peculiar trembling of the muscles. At 11 a. m. when- 



