24 



August 25, 1920. It was found dead next morning at 8 o'clock. The 

 autopsy showed the following: carcass bloated, pupils dilated. There 

 was considerable congestion of the mucous membrane of the fourth 

 stomach (abomasum) and small pin-point hemorrhages in the duode- 

 num. The mucous membrane of the bladder was congested. There 

 was a cloudy swelling of the kidneys. In the brain there was marked 

 congestion of the pia mater, and marked injection of the capillaries of 

 the medulla. Hemorrhages were found in the gray matter of the 

 brain. 



Case No. 8 A yearling calf weighing 211 pounds was fed 4J pounds 

 of fresh material on July 23, 1919, between 8 : 30 and 11 : 30 a. m. At 

 1 p. m. it was frothing at the mouth, and its breathing was rapid and 

 irregular. These symptoms (perhaps not due to the milkweed) soon 

 disappeared and the animal seemed normal the rest of the day. The 

 next morning it walked with a peculiar, stiff staggering gait. It ate 

 a little when fed. At 6 p. m. it was very weak and wobbly, much more 

 so than in the morning. At 8 a. m. the next day it was much better, 

 but still walked with a stiff unsteady gait. 



_ Case No. 9 A yearling calf 



weighing 225 pounds was fed 3^ 

 pounds of green material at 10 

 a. m. on August 9, 1919. At 8 a. m. 

 the next day it was sick and hardly 

 able to get up. When on its feet 

 it was very weak and staggered 

 about. At noon it appeared to be 

 in about the same condition as in 

 the morning. By evening it was 

 much better. Next morning at 8 

 a. m. it appeared to have quite 

 completely recovered, but at times 

 later in the day it staggered some- 

 what in walking. 



Case No. 10 A yearling calf 

 (195 pounds) was fed 5 pounds 



of green material at 4 p. m. on August 12, 1919. At 10 p. m. it was 

 slightly sick. Next morning at 8 o'clock it was very sick and hardly 

 able to walk, staggering and falling down frequently. Finally it col- 

 lapsed and lay on its side, kicking rapidly with its legs. Death occurred 

 at 10 a. m. 



In the autopsy slight congestion was found in the fourth stomach 

 and in the meninges of the brain. 



Case No. 11 A yearling calf weighing 255 pounds was fed on Octo- 

 ber 16, 1919, between 4 and 6 p. m., three-fourths of a pound of dry 

 material, which was collected September 6 and air-dried. At 8 a. m. 

 next day it was sick and hardly able to walk. There was marked inco- 

 ordination of the muscles of the hind legs. At 2 p. m. it was down on 

 its side, with legs stretched out, head drawn far back, eyes rolled up ; 

 the animal appeared to be dying. This was followed by periods when 

 it seemed to be getting better, but soon it would have another similar 

 attack. During the afternoon it had a series of such attacks. At 8 

 p. m. it was still down and unable to get up. At midnight it was found 



Figure 10 An Early Stage of 

 Poisoning by Narrow-Leaved 

 Milkweed. 



