The Natural History of Chautauqua 



10. The Caddice Flies 



Four wings; rudimentary mouthparts; four stages in life cycle: egg, 

 larva, pupa, adult; the early stages are aquatic, in brooks, swamps, 

 lake, etc. The larva encase themselves in little houses of plant frag- 

 ments or sand. There are many species in the Chautauqua region. 



ii. The Moths and Butterflies 



A large and well-known group, many with showy colors ; four wings, 

 covered with scales; sucking mouthparts; four stages in life cycle: egg, 

 larva or caterpillar, pupa, chrysalis or cocoon, and adult. 



The moths have feathery antennae, are chiefly nocturnal, and fold 

 wings flat over the back. Some of the important groups are: Swifts, 

 Flannel Moths, Bag- Worm Moths, Carpenter Moths, Slug-Caterpillar 

 Moths, Smoky Moths, Pyraustid Moths, Pyralid Moths, Bee Moths, 

 Close-Winged Moths, Phycitid Moths, Plume Moths, Tortricid Moths, 

 Grapholithid Moths, Tineid Moths, Clear-Winged Moths, Prominent 

 Moths, Geometrid Moths, Canker-worm Moths, Ennomid Moths, 

 Hydriomenid Moths, Sterrhid Moths, Hook-Tip Moths, Cymatophorid 

 Moths, Owlet Moths, Tussock Moths, Wood-Nymph Moths, Tiger 

 Moths, Footman Moths, Hawk or Sphinx Moths, Giant Silk-Worm 

 Moths, Royal Moths, Tent-Caterpillar Moths. 



The Skippers have a darting flight, and antennae recurved at the 

 extreme tip. They fly about in daylight, and when at rest fold their 

 wings erect over their backs. This group includes the Giant Skippers, 

 the common Skippers, and several other lesser groups. 



The Butterflies have clubbed antennae ; fly only by day ; and fold 

 their wings erect over their back when at rest. They feed chiefly on 

 nectar, and are common around flowers. The group includes the 

 Swallowtails, Pierids- Whites, Orange-tips and Sulphurs; Gossamer- 

 Winged Butterflies, Coppers, Blues, and Hair-streaks; Monarchs, 

 Crescent-Spots, Fritillaries, Angel-Wings, Sovereigns, Meadow-Browns, 

 and Gray- Wings. 



12. The Flies 



A large group, including many obnoxious species. Two wings; 

 sucking mouthparts; complete metamorphoses. Includes such groups 

 as the Crabe Flies, Net-Winged Midges, Mosquitoes, Midges, Lake 

 Flies, the Chautauqua Lake Fly is one of these, Fungus Gnats, 

 Gall Gnats, March Flies, Black Flies, Horse Flies, Soldier Flies, Snipe 

 Flies, Robber Flies, Bee Flies, Stiletto Flies, Window Flies, Dance 

 Flies, Long-Legged Flies, Syrphus Flies, Bot Flies, Tachina Flies, 

 House Flies, Pomace Flies. 



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