THE APPROACH. 13 



of the house should be prevented by planting, or by embankment, 

 so that the idea that the house is in a low position may not be 

 aroused. The drive should not skirt the garden, or overlook it. 

 It is sometimes difficult to comply with the former condition ; but 

 the latter can generally be met by sinking the carriage way, by 

 raising a bank along the gardens, and by planting. At Chatsworth, 

 though a straight drive, which is much used by the public, skirts 

 the west garden front, yet it is completely shut off from the 

 gardens by a high wall retaining the terrace gardens. 



The treatment of either end of the main carriage drive is of much 

 importance. Taking first that nearest the house. The direction 

 and level of the approach, and the character of the architectural 

 features, will rule greatly the plan that can be adopted for the 

 facilities of carriage traffic, which must be provided here. For most 

 ordinary purposes the turn (see Plan) is sufficient, but examples 

 of different methods are shown. The gravelled plain in front 

 of the porch should not be less than thirty-three feet for a small 

 house ; but forty to sixty feet are requisite where two or more 

 carriages may stand. It is well at places of importance to arrange 

 this end of the drive, so that waiting carriages may circulate. There 

 must be a sufficient space on each side of the porch, and in line 

 with it, to admit of carriages drawing up close to the door, and 

 to progress beyond it without too abruptly turning. The entrance 

 to the gardens should not be from the drive, but from the house, 

 as, for example, in the turn to a small house. (See Plan.} 



In choosing the place for, and forming, an entrance from the public 

 road (about the artistic effect of which something has already been 

 said) advantage may be taken of a turn in the highway, if the 

 position be suitable, so that by adapting the line of the public 

 road, and continuing it to the entrance gates, much importance 

 may be given them by making it appear that the highway leads 



