ARRANGEMENT AND FORMATION. 35 



framed by the foreground foliage. If a curve occur in a boundary 

 walk, an effective treatment is to make a small group of planting 

 in the centre of the curve, and form a hollow in the ground between 

 this group and the boundary plantation (as fig, C). The lowering 

 of the walk may be so made that its depth will provide sufficient 

 earth for raising the group, as well as the mound next the boundary. 

 As a matter of fact, it is seldom necessary to bring earth from a 

 distance for such works in the formation of a garden. In forming 

 the terrace, when the ground recedes, the surface may be lowered 

 by increasing the depth of the slope till sufficient earth is provided 

 for the requisite filling (as Jig. D). To raise mounds for planting, 

 hollowed out pathways in the curves may be made between groups ; 

 a whole area, as well as the walks, may be lowered when it becomes 

 necessary to secure soil for an adjacent planting. Sometimes the 

 boundary fence, or wall, shows objectionably in an opening. In 

 such case an earth bank, turfed to the summit, may be raised in 

 front of it, sufficiently high to conceal it altogether (as fig. E). 



The lawn is almost the most pervading landscape feature, and 

 by its beauty it sweetly expresses repose. It is quiescent; it is 

 never agitated by angry winds; its charm is modifying, and is an 

 essential in the nature-picture. The turfed area about a house, and 

 it may be said all turfed ground within the garden enclosure, is 

 generally termed lawn ; but the lawn is properly a grassy expanse 

 in or between woods. The lawn of our garden should so far be 

 true to the definition that it should present, whenever that is possible, 

 the appearance of a natural opening, or grassy glade in a wood, 

 where the sides are closed in by trees, and the distant end is 

 lost in forest gloom. We may not at first have in our garden 

 forest trees to shut in this glade ; but we may arrange groups of 

 planting to border our lawn, and the view may be directed across 

 the park till a broken and undefined ending is reached. For such 



