WORK OF FORMATION. 41 



The above proportions will be found suitable for the generality 

 of soils ; but in shady situations to which Poa nemoralis and its 

 varieties are particularly well adapted, i or 2 Ibs. of each of these 

 may be substituted for Trisetum flavescens and Festuca tenuifolia\ 

 whilst in rich heavy soils, 2 or 3 Ibs. of Cynosurus cristatus and 

 i Ib. of Festuca duriuscula may be substituted for Trisetum flavescens, 

 the quantity of Trifolium minus being reduced to i Ib. 



A single tennis lawn should have its level at least too ft. long 

 by 50 wide. It must be well drained. If to obtain this level 

 place excavation has been made on the upper ground to fill up 

 the lower, a drain should be carried along the foot of the upper 

 sloping ground, and be filled in with ballast, in addition to drains 

 laid across the lawn. The soil laid on the surface of a tennis 

 lawn or cricket ground should not be too deep or too rich. Six 

 inches of moderately good soil is sufficient, and, except for light soils, 

 a thin layer of burnt clay or ashes should be laid 6 in. beneath 

 the surface stratum, and this layer of ballast should connect with 

 the drains, so that quick passage of the water is ensured. 



For all plantations the sites should be doubly trenched, that is, 

 dug two spits deep, and the ground beneath broken up. The 

 difference in growth of trees planted in trenched and untrenched 

 ground is very conspicuous, and the value of the former is so much 

 enhanced that in four years the cost of trenching is repaid. 

 When the planting is to be on a raised mound, first remove the top 

 spit of soil and place it aside ; next trench the ground from which 

 it has been taken, and make the mound ; then use the soil reserved 

 from the upper spit to form the surface and summit of the raised 

 ground. There are many ways of obtaining earth for such work, 

 and although some observations on the subject have been made 

 in treating of the plan, it may be well to enumerate them here. 

 The object will be to obtain earth for raising the ground, not only 



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