WATER. 69 



1 in. pipe discharges 3 gallons per minute. 



2 :> )i ;) J ;j )i 



3 " u a 5 ;> 



4 j? )J j) 112 .. ,, ,, 



6 ;, ;> )l 283 ,, 



9 3> ' 77 I* ji 



12 1,600 



*8 ,, ,, 44 ;> >, ,, 



In the treatment of a river, everything that conduces to the 

 expression of movement may characterise it, whereas placidity, and 

 the beauty of rest, and finality of boisterous action dignifies a lake. 

 The shores of a lake are circuitous ; the banks of a river are nearly 

 parallel. Where one bank retires, the other, if it does not advance, 

 should at least continue its direction, though the water may be 

 widened to admit of an island being formed, or where there occurs 

 a confluent stream. In nature we generally see at a river-bend 

 some raised ground that has resisted the rush or wearing action of 

 the stream, and so has diverted its course. In such a place the 

 stream is generally wider, and the opposite bank washed low. 

 There should not be bays in the regular line of a river. It is 

 equally an expression of artificial resource, offensively conspicuous, 

 to make the line straight or canal-like. The ending of a river 

 scene should be hidden, like parts of a lake should be. Bridges 

 may, of course, be introduced for utility ; but they may also be 

 contrived to excite the impression of length and extent of the water- 

 way, by conveying an impression of the impossibility of going 

 round or of crossing by other means. It is well so to arrange a 

 bridge that light may be seen beneath it. 



